Music Appreciation 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- How long did the middle ages last?
- 1000 years
- Who did the music have to be approved by?
- by church
- Who invented notation?
- Gudo d'Grezzo
- what kind of music occured during the middle ages?
- chants, plainchants in churches, singing words
- What is a Mass?
- a lenghty ceremony that would happen more than once a day, no fewer than 8
- What is plainchant? whats another name for it?
- a great repertory of melodies designated for the many religious texts to be sung at services throughout the year, gregorian chant
- Who was the pope during the Middle ages?
- Gregory the 1st
- what is gregorian recitation?
- the single note used for musical recitation with brief melodic formulas for beginning and ending
- what is antiphon?
- a genre of plainchant usually showing a simple melodic style with few melismas
- who was Abbess Hildegard?
- really well know woman composer during the middle ages, composed planichant melodies
- What is sequence?
- a much more elaborate kind of melody than the antiphon, short tunes sung twice, with some variation
- What are jongleurs?
- a medieval secular musician, popular
- What are medieval modes?
- not construed in the major/minor system
- What are troubadours?
- noble poet-composers of court songs who we are told, preformed the songs themselves in France
- What kind of troubadours performed in Germany?
- Minnesingers
- What kind of music was polyphony during the Medieval period?
- Western music
- What is polyphony?
- the simultaneous combination of two or more melodies-risen in europe
- What is the organum?
- the 1st earliest type of polyphony,
- When did the organum be created?
- in 1000.
- Who were the two comosers working in Notre Dame on organum? what did they compose?
-
Master Leonin, and Perotin,
4 voice polyphony - When did Machaut live? what did he create?
- 1300-1377, he created isorythm
- What is isorythm?
- technique of writing successive lengthy passages in identical rhythms bit with distinct melodies.
- Where did the Renaissance of music start?
- in Italy
- When was the Renaissance Period?
- 1400-1600
- What is paraphrase?
- the modification and decoration of plainchant melodies i early Renaissance music.the embellished chants with extra notes, graceful rhythms
- What occured during the Renaissance?
- the beginning of homophony
- What is homophony?
- the music in a harmonic texture, when the melody is played with the accompaniment of chords. being harmonized
- What is the performances of voices singing along?
- acapella
- Who is Guillame Dufay?Where was he born?
- he came up with the hymn, born in France, lived between 1400-1474
- What is a hymn?
- one of the most tuneful of plainchant genres.
- Who is JOsquin Desprez? When did he live and where was he from?
- he was the first master of the HIgh Renaissance, born in France, and lived from 1450-1521, wrote 18 different settings of the Mass
- What happened in the Mass?
- they rejected isorhythm and used more simpler, gentler and supple music, consists of 5 movements, written for the Roman Catholic church
- What are the 5 movements of the Mass?
- kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, and agnus Dei
- When did the High Renaissance start? what was it?
- around 1500, change in the polyphony
- What happened to the polyphony during the High Renaissance?
- became imitative
- What is imitation?
- musical texture in which the various melodic lines use approximately the same themes.
- What is madrigal, when did it develop and where?
- developed in 1530, in Italy , it is a short composition set to a 1-staza poem-typically a love poem, with a rapid turnover of ideas and images. 1 singer per part.
- What developed after the madrigal?
- the English madrigal.
- Who was Thomas Weelkes? When was he born?
- one of the best composers of English madrigal. born in 1575-1623
- What was the most popular instrument during the Renaissance era?
- the lute
- What is pavane?
- one of the most popular solemn dances in duple meter, with participants stepping and stopping formally
- What is galliard?
- usually paired with pavane, a solemn dance in triple meter
- Who was Giovanni Palestrina? when was he born and where?
- born in 1525-1594, born in Italy, he wrote hundreds of Masses
- When did the Baroque period start and last?
- started in 1700 and lasted til' 1750
- What occured with bar lines, rhythm and meters in the Baroque era?
- rhythms became more definite, regular and insistent, the meter is now accepted, bar lines are beginning to be used for the first time
- What is basso continuo?
- in a baroque scale the bass line is performed by bass voices or low instruments such as cellos or bassoons
- What is basso ostinato?
- another name for the ground bass "persistent" or "obstinate" bass,
- What is ground bass?
- music constructed literally from the bottom up, "repeated harmonies"
- What is opera?
- drama presented in music, with the characters singing instead of singing
- What new music developed during the Baroque period?
- opera
- What is recitative during the Baroque period?
- the technique of declaiming words musically in a heightened theatrical manner
- What is aria?
- an extended piece for solo singer that was much more musical elaboration and coherence than a passage of recitative
- What happened to dynamics during the Baroque period?
- they were not written
- What did the orchestra have in it during the Baroque period?
- 6 violins, 6 cellos, 12 violas, 2 contra bass, and 1 harp
- What is the festive orchestra?
- used brass and percussion along with the normal instruments of an orchestra
- Who is Anotonio Vivaldi?when did he live?
- lived from 1678-1741, champion of 400 conertos, violinist
- What is a concerto?
- latin word to contest, to contend contest between solo and orchestra
- What is ritornello?
- the name for the orchestral music at typically starts the movement off. stable, 1st movement
- What is a movement?
- a self-contained section of music that is part of a larger work, chapter in book ex.
- Describe the movements in a concerto.
-
1st movement-brigh extravagant piece, fast tempo,
2nd movement-contrast, quieter, slower, and more emotional
3rd movement-faster than first, fast again - What is variation form? second movement of a concerto
- entails the successive uninterrupted repitition of one cleaerly defined melodic unit, with changes that causes the listener's interest w/out losing touch with the theme.
- Describe basso ostinato in instrumental form.
- baroque variations tend to occur above stable bass patterns
- What is a fugue?
- a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices,usually 3 or 4-built on a single principal theme
- Who is Johann Sebastian Bach? when was he born?
- 1685-1750, wrote the Art of Fugue,
- describe the 1st theme of fugue presented.
-
1. soprano-one melody, subject
2. alto-subject with new melody
3. tenor-subject appears in another voice
4. bass-subject play in particular melody - What is a dance suite?
- to group a collectionm of misc. dances together in a genre.
- name the distinguishing characterisitics of dance suites and their origin.
-
allemande,
courante,
sarabande,
minuet, bourree, gavotte
gigue - What is oratio?
- basically an opera on a religious subject
- Who is George Frideric Handel? when was he born>
- 1724, wrote operas, and oratio Messiah
- What is cantata?
- a general name for a piece of moderate length for voices and instruments, written in Germany to be performed in Lutheran Churhch servies
- What is gapped chorale?
- the chorale melody is delivered in spurts, can be sung, or played while music goes along in the toerh instruments and or voices
- What did Bach write?
- wrote cantatas, 200 survived
- What is organ chorale?
- an important genre of keyboard music at the time, is an organ composition incorporating a hymn tune