Key Terms from Ethnology of Latin American Indigenous People
Terms
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- Explain Ayllu
- Marriage proposal among Quechua where representatives for the groom go to the bride's home and offer coca and chicha.
- Ayni
- Reciprocal labour system for Quechua where family and friends are invited to work and provided food, coca and chicha. Obligation to reciprocate***
- Minka
- Among Quechua - one goes from house to house and asks neighbours to help in labour project. Unlike Ayni, no obligation to reciprocate
- Millpa
- Garden plot that the women tend
- Kogi
- Indigenous group from N.W. Columbia
- Uywas
- Ritual in dry season - Animals are honoured, people drink chicha and chew coca and dance with the animals
- Qala
- Quechua term for one who is an outsider or isolated. One who is considered 'qala' does not form part of the Ayllu
- Ayllu
- A type of social organization among the Quechua/Aymara that all members must belong to
- Guina Pigs
- An important part of Andean society. They are consumed for special occassions, but otherwise live in the kitchen and eat fresh veggie leftovers. They reproduce fast
-
Sara
Saramama -
Sara - corn
Saramama - sacred corn - Cocalero
- One who grows coca
- Evo Morales
-
Close to becoming president of Bolivia - Cocalero leader- Against coca eradication - can't go to USA
-February 15, 2003 - held protest against coca eradication - February 15, 2003
- Evo Morales, cocalero leader, staged a protest in Bolivia against the eradication of coca
- May 2004
-
-Lima, Peru.
- 5,000 cocaleros protested:
a) spraying of pesticides;
b) eradication of coca - Presidente Alejandro Toledo
-
-USA- leaning
-Peru
-mass demonstration in April - Juan Choque
-
-Shot dead September 28
- 19 others were injured
- Bolivia
-Cocaleros not eradicated - La Paz, December 2000
- -Road block between Cocha Bamba and Santa Cruz in Chapare region
- Aja
- Another name for Chicha
- Ajamama
- Was the name of Cuzco
- Tinkuy
-
An important concept in Andean society, esp. among Quechua
-Signifies the middle where any two things are joined - Cuy
- Guinea Pig
- Cargo System
- Traditional system - once on marries, they are obligated to give a large party (once a year)
- Falcons
- Envoys of the Apu
- Apu
- Mountian = Rich creator
- Treaty of Killin
-
-1641
-Mapuche nation recognized by the European powers
- 1st indigenous nation to be recognized in this way - When did the Mapuch first lose control of their lands?
- 1885
- Pedro de Valdivio
-
-Conquered Pinuche
-assassinated by Mapuche - Elmapun, Elchen, Ngunemapun, and Ngunechen
- Spiritual family that creates and sustains both people and nature
- Machi
- Refers to a spiritual leader, usually a woman, who maintains communication with celestial family
- Kultrun
- Sacred drum which is played during ceremonial activities
- Mapun Kuse-Fucha
- This is what is said during times of distress
- When did Argentina amend the constitution so that the Indigenous peoples' rights to the land were recognized?
- In 1994
- Bennetton
-
-Italian clothing company
-bought 900,000 sq. hectares of land
-also controls telecommunications in Europe and freeways - Alfredo Stroessner
- General - military dictator in Paraguay from 1954-1989
- Jesuit Republic
-
-Paraguay
-More powerful than Rome
-Was disbanded
-were asked to leave country - Chagnon
- -Made Yanomamo famous in the 1960's
- Manaus
- This was the first city to develop an opera house in the 1940's
- Shabono
-
Also called Yano or Malocas
-House of the Yanomamo
-6 meters sq. per person - Teri
-
Extended Yanomamo family
-kingroup
-means people, or people of - Urifi
-
Means "forest"
-connected to Shabono - Robert Carneiro
-
Kuikuro
-people who lose at war become like slaves - When did Argentina and Chile gain independence?
-
Argentina - 1810
Chile - 1818 - Pacification of the Arawkanan
- Chilean take-over of Mapuche land
- Campaign of the Desert
- Argentinian take-over of indigenous ppl's land
-
1) 1869-1870
2) 1880 -
1) 1869-70:
Major rebellion in Chile over land. Defeated by Chilean army
2) 1880:
Another revolt and defeat - Ona
- Lived at end of Patagonia
- Inka Cola
- - tradional soft-drink in Peru which was taken over by Coca Cola
- Guayaki
- Derrogatory term applied to the Ache people
- "Indian Problem"
-
Refers to the point of view that issues with respect to Indigenous must be solved (but how, through assimilation? eradication??)
-military objective - May 3, 1986
- Mass celebration in Paraguay to celebrate Adolf Hitler
- Schaefer
- Nazi leader and cult leader in Chile (1974)
- Kayapo
- Patch of forest burnt to fertilize soil
- Waorani
- Live on Eastern side of Ecuador
- Huitotos
-
-Live in Eastern Peru
-Feathers are important to them
- parrot feathers suggest trade - Shipobo
- Neighbours of Huitotos that wear Western-styled clothing
- Fernando Romeo Lucas Garcia
- He, his brother, and the former defense minister are accussed of ordering 10 massacres on Indian villages in 1981 and 1982 in Guatemala
- The Burlington Oil Company
-
Houston-based oil company that owns Chevron
-In Peru they own 1 oil block
-In Ecuador they own 2 - Petrocan
-
-Bombed Waoarani long houses
- 1.5 billion dollar class action suite against Chevron - Zebu
-
-Animal from India
-Meat is consumed, but not milk - Jose Carlos Mariategui
- Indian Problem
- Kuikuro
-
-NE Brazil near Xingu River
-Famous because of Carneiro
-taboo against eating pecaries - Camisea
-
Peru 1990's natural gas reserve found by Shell. It holds 11 trillion cubic feet
** not that Bolivia has 2nd largest oil reserve - Sanchez de Rosara
- Fromer Bolivian president who was overthrown who will go on trial for deaths; Must use natural gas to pay off debt
- Carlos Mesa
- Bolivia - has until May 1, 2005 to change issues centreing around natural gas...
- Rigoberta Menchu
- -Indigenous woman (Quiche) from Guatemala who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for "Me Llamo Rigoberta Menchu..."; After the deaths of her father Vicente, her mother, her 16 yr old brother, and others, went to Mexico as a refugee