Ch14
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- Pg. 287- What creates Market-oriented economy
- -economic momentum drove the economy to the forefront, and so economic growth promoted a market oriented economy. (Western expansion, immigrants)
- Pg. 288- How does geography politically affect pioneers
- isolation kept the pioneers apart, so that they could not be a united voting body. They also did not have services and roads were bad, so they asked gov. for internal improvements
- Pg. 289 Ecological Imperialism
- exploitation of nature in the west- once lands were exhausted push west would continue. Killing buffaloes, trapping fur, etc.
- Pg. 292- Irish Immigrants and reaction to them-
- Irish potato famine sent tens of thousands to America, too poor to move west, so stayed in cities on coast, like Boston and new York. BAD REACTION- Irish flooded cities and took lowest jobs- fought with blacks over lowest jobs in Northeast (No Irish need apply)- Catholic- so many Catholics now that religious riots started. 2 million came. Powerful voting bloc-politicians catered to them, and then they got into politics
- Pg. 293 German Immigrants and reaction
- over a million and a half- farmers coming from famine, but also liberal political refugees. Forty-eighters- autocratic government and collapse of democratic revolutions-had more money, so moved out west- they were spread out in the west so they weren’t as powerful of a voting bloc as the Irish. Better reaction than Irish, invented stuff (rifle, wagon, Xmas tree), well-educated, they promoted social programs and public schools, kindergartens. Against Slavery. Sometimes regarded with suspicions though by other Americans. Brought beer to country as well, weren’t puritan, because they celebrated the Sabbath.
- Pg. 296 Reaction to Catholic immigrants
- BAD- before, there weren’t many catholics, so no laws, but now a lot catholic. 1840, they had a plurality in the religious arms race- people worried that catholics would take over. Formation of Order of the Star Spangled Banner (Know-nothing party because of secrecy) formed to curb immigration. Awful Disclosures was libelous pamphlet against catholics. Mass violence- mob burned down a convent in boston, and Philadelphia had problems too.
- PG. 297 Father of Factory System
- Samuel Slater- learned mechanics of textile machinery while in Britain- escaped to US and built 1st cotton thread spinner in Rhode Island
- Effect of Cotton Gin on slavery
- slavery boom- cotton gin requires faster productions, need more slaves to maximize output.
- Pg. 304 Characterisitcs of American Workforce
- impersonalized the boss/apprentice relationship-people, long hours, low wages, unsafe conditions, no unions, children in work force.
- Pg. 306 Commonwealth v. Hunt
- unions legalized for “peaceful and honorable protest’
- Pg. 307 Cult of domesticity
- home went from workplace to place of refuge from work, children were more doted upon, and family shrank to an average of six people per family.
- Pg. 309 Allegheny West- effects of cash crop agriculture
- trans-allegheny region (Ohio-Indiana-Illinois) is nation’s breadbasket- corn and hogs- Cincinnati is Porkopolis of west-created need for transportation out west so that surplus food could go to East.
- Pg. 312 Canal era (major canals)
- Erie Canal- Clinton’s big ditch- shortened travel time and expenses. Other canals- Pennsylvania, Ohio and Erie, Chesapeake and Ohio, Miami and Erie, Delaware and Raritan, Wabash and Erie
- 313- location of early railroads
- along east coasts connecting major cities, as far as Chicago
- 316- results of transportation revolution
- union bound together, South sends raw materials to North, north sends finished materials all over country, West sends food to East and Europe. Country becomes bound together.
- 318- results of marketing revolution
- business boom- fewer self-supported farms- gap widened between rich and poor. Cities had most extremes- but standard of living did rise overall, which helped diffuse any potential class conflict.