Structure of Hell
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- Circle 9: Round 3 (Part 2)
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Judecca:
- Traitors to Lords/Benefactors;
- Set out to destroy the rightful God
* Judas (Spiritual order)
* Brutus & Cassius (Secular order) - Circle 9: Round 1 & 2
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Caina:
- Traitors to family (Held in ice, heads bent forwards)
Antenora:
- Traitors to country (Gripped by ice)
* Archbishop Ruggieri & Ugolino - Bolgia 7 & 8
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- Thieves: trapped in snake pit w/ bound hands
- Evil Counselors: Concealed in flames
* Ulysses, Diomede, Guido
- Sowers of Discord: Wounded and mutilated (Mohamet) - Circle 9 (Name)
- Cocytus - Fraud
- Circle 8 (Name)
- Maleboge - Fraud
- Circle 9: Round 3 (Part 1)
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Ptolomea:
- Murders of guests (held in ice w/ head bent backwards) - Circle 7: Round 2 & 3
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- Violent against self (are trees)
- Violent against God; blasphemers, sodomites, usurers (stretched, running, or huddled on burning sand)
* Brunetto Latini (running) - Circle II
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Judgement:
Minos sends wicked to Hell and good to Elysian Fields w/ circling tail
The Lustful:
Blown forever by stormy winds
* Dido; Paulo & Francesca - Circle I
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Limbo:
Virtuous pagens; unbaptized babies (melanchology; desire without hope)
* Homer, Socrates, Plato, etc. - Bolgia 10
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- Alchemists (Diseased)
- Impersonaters, counterfitters, false witness (abusing each other)
* Sinon of Troy
- Titans - Bolgia 2 & 3
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- Flatterers: Covered w/ filth
* Jason & Others
- Simonists: Turned upside down w/ fire on feet
* Pope Nicholas III - Vestibule of Hell
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-Neutral and Uncommitted (Stung by bees; running after banner)
* Pope Celestine V
Charon resides here - Circle 7: Round 1
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Violent against neighbors and fellow men; war makers (submerged in hot blood and guarded by centaurs who shoot them if they rise too high)
* Alexander the Great, Attilla the Hun
* Chiron and Nessus (Centaurs( - Circle III
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The Gluttons: Lying in mud, besieged by snow, hail and filthy water) Gaurded by Cerebus;
* Ciacco - Bolgia 4, 5, & 6
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- Fortune tellers/diviners: heads twisted backwards
* Tieresias
- Grafters: covered by boiling pitch and harrassed by devils
- Hypocrits: clad in leaden mantles
* Caiphus - Circle IV
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- The avaricious/prodigal:
Condemned to useless labor - Bolgia 1
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Panderers and Seducers:
Whipped by devils - Circle VI
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Wall of City of Dis w/ the Furies and Heavenly Messanger
- Heretics:
confines in burning tombs
(Cavalcanti; Farinata) - State & Church are one;
- 430 AD - 476 AD
- Sins of the Body
- Leopard
- Sins of Violence
- Lion
- Sins of Fraud
- Wolf
- First Dark Age
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450 AD - 750 AD
-Western Roman Empire collapses (476AD)
-Social CHAOS!
-Barbarian Princes
-Church is All that remains
-Christian church preserved in Ireland - False Renaissance
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750-950AD
-Europe starts recovering
-Holy Roman Empire started by Charlemagne
-Trade, legal system, roads start again
-Secular laws based on religion as seen in Monastic order (Benedictives)
-began democratic revolution that idealized poor and work - Second Dark Age
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950-1100AD
- Barbarian invasions
-Vikings settle in France but Monks were prepared
-Rebirth of Warlord Culture
1066: Battle of Hastings (Destroyed indigenous culture and melded cultures together)
-CHURCH CONTINUED - Feudalism
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1100-1350
- Brought Europe out of the Dark Age
- 1093: First Crusade (Pope Urban II)
- 1270: Seventh & Final Crusade ednds
- Directed fighting hunger toward Muslims and the freedom of Jerusulum
- Resulted in making enemies out of Muslims
- Rennaissance begins as result of commerce (especially in Italy) - Dante's Life
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1265-1321
- White Ghelph
- 1300: Dante sent on political mission
- Never returned to Florance
- Spiritually and morally lost - Sin
- Starts w/ a hardness of heart
- Charon
- Old man who ferries souls across the river Acheron.
- Virtuous Pagans
- Homer, Ovid, Lucen, Horace, Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato
- Minos
- Is in Circle II assigning judgement to sinners by circling tail around them.
- Fainting
- After Circle I, and Circle III
- Cerberus
- Three headed dog in Circle III
- Avaricious and Prodigal
- Hoarded and squandered money during life; two groups complete semi-circles before crashing into each other. They weren't prudent w/ the god of fortune.
- Wrathful & Sullen
- On the edge of Styx River covered in mud. Wrathful are biting/striking each other, while Sullen are choking and invisible in mud.
- Phleygus
- Boatman across the River Styx from 5th to 6th circle and to the City of Dis.
- Filipo Argenti
- A Black Gelph in the 5th Circle (wrathful)
- Chiron
- Head of centaurs that gaurds the River of Blood (Circle 7)
- Harpies
- In the Wood of Suicides; They peck and wound the tree souls.
- Circle 7 - SAND
- Blasphemers lie still in sand;
- Brunetto Latini
- Dante's teacher; was a sodomite, so he was in the 7th circle