Earth Science Review
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- List the layers of the earth from the inside out
- Inner Core, Outer Molten Core,Convection currents in molten magma, Continental crust
- Explain the relationship of the mantle and the crust.
- Continental crust, which is thicker than oceanic crust extends deeper into the mantle because of its thickness, or roots.Pg524
- Explain Convection current an how it explains plate tectonics.
- Convection currents transfer energy through the movement of matter causing plate tectonics.P.546.
- What is the continental drift theory?
- Earth's continents were once joined as a single landmass that broke up and drifted apart.
- What four major pieces of evidence did Wegener have for it?
- Seafloor spreading,ocean floor rocks are symmetric in relation to ocean ridges,Magma fills the gaps and Hardens P.546.
- What was the major problem with his theory?
- Wegener couldn't explain what was causing the continents to drift and thought maybe earths rotation was responsible and physicists proved that theory to be wrong.
- What causes ocean floor spreading
- Seafloor spreading occurs as magmarises toward the crust, cools and hardens to fill the gap-becomes new section of oceanic crust.p.546
- Explain subduction
- Area where the crust plunges into the mantle and melts.
- Explain Plate Tectonics
- Earths crust and the top of the upper mantle are broken into large slabs of rock called plates, which move.
- Name three types of plate boundaries
- Convergent, Divergent, transform
- Tension
- Stress that pulls rock in opposite directions
- Shearing
- Stress that pulls rock side by side
- Compression
- Stress that squeezes together
- Convergent
- Plates that move toward each other
- Divergent
- plates that move apart
- Ocean floor spreading
- Idea that underwater volcanoes produce new crust
- Mid-Ocean Ridge
- Underwater mountain ranges
- Convection current
- rising and sinking of magma due to temperature
- Continental Drift
- idea that the continents were once a giant landmass
- Plate tectonics
- idea that the crust is broken into huge pieces that move
- Isostasy
- balancing force between the crust and the mantle
- Volcanoe
- Lava and gases escaping from the crust
- earthquake
- Faults in the crust that release seismic waves
- What two states and the surrounding areas are at risk for earthquakes?
- California and Missouri
- Which of the following are effective ways to protect us from earthquakes
- Improved building construction, planning, Being prepared for disaster
- How many stations do seismologists need to have information from in order to determint the epicenter?
- Three
- The New Madrid Fault is reponsible for earthquakes in what region?
- Midwest
- The two scales used to measure earthquakes are
- Richter and Mercalli
- The Richter scale a 7.0 would be ____times larger than a 6.0.
- 10 times larger everytime it goes up a number
- The scale used to measure the amount of damage from an earthquake is the
- Mercalli
- Why didn't people believe Wegner's theory of continental drift?
- He couldn't explain why or how the continents would move.
- How long after Wegener's continental drift theory did we finally learn about plate tectonics
- ?
- The name of the giant land mass when all the continents were together is
- Pangaea
- What is causing the plates to move?
- Convection Current
- Wegner's proof for continental drift included:
- Similar fossils in S. American and Africa, Glaciers in now tropical climates, Matching mountain ranges in N.American, and Europe
- The Ring of Fire is in what ocean?
- Pacific Ocean
- The major cause of earthquakes is____, and the minor cause is_____.
- Plate Boundaries is first and Stress on these boundaries is second.
- A subduction zone will be found at which type of plate boundary?
- Convergent
- Surface waves do NOT start_______.
- They do not start at the focus.
- The Hawiian islands were formed due to
- Hot spots
- The newest ocean crust can be found
- Closest to mid-ocean ridges
- Large waves produced from underwater earthquakes are called?
- Tsunamis
- Seismologists can determine how far they are from the epicenter by measuring the _______.
- arrival time of the P ans S waves
- The spot of the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus is the __.
- Epicenter
- A crack in the crust large enough to make the rock around it move is called a?
- Fault
- Convergent plate boundaries will most likely form
- Mountains
- Volcanoes the form gently sloping domes from oozing lava are
- Shield Volcanoes
- The symetrical, cone shaped volcanoes that produce lave, ash and bombs are called?
- Composite Volcanoes
- What determines the composition of lava?
- It's thickness
- Mudflows are the result of What?
- Volcanic eruptions.
- There is more damage done in and earthquake the closer you get to the ____?
- Epicenter.
- Secondary waves are Not known as
- Push pull waves.What are they known as?
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