Global
Terms
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- Most of the philosophes believed that for change to happen in Europe,
- Royal and Catholic authority most cahnge
- Maria Theresa
- Enlightened Despot in Austria; also fell short of many goals to improve everyday life.
-
Each of the following were key changes Napoleon made in France except:
~religous tolerance
~the establishment of a national bank.
~the election of Maximilien Robespierre for sainthood. - the election of Maximilien Robespierre for sainthood.
- Limited Monarcy
- System of government in which the king's powers are not absolute but specifically guided by a constitution or leglislative body; the monarch's power is reduced.
- Maximilen Robespierre
- Leader of the Jacobins who led France during the Reign of Terror; assumed power through use of terrorism
- Thomas Hobbes
- Believed that all men are by mature evul and selfish; the best type of government to deal with this problem is an absolute monarchy.
- Guillotine
- A machine that dropped a huge blade to chop off the head of a criminal
- National Assembly
- New law making body created by the Third Estate in September 1789 (eventually becomes Legislative Assembly, then Natipnal Convention)
- Revolutionaries
- Members of the Third Estate creating changes during the French revolution
- Denis Diderot
- Created the encyclopedia, a volume of books highlightingenlightened thinkingduring the 18th century.
- Terrorism
- The systematic use of fear and violence as a way to achieve political and social goals
- Sans-culottes
- Angry lower class workers in France; part of Third Estate; also known as Parisian mob.
- Reign of Terror
- Period during the French Revolution that marked the use of fear and violence to control people suspected of teason
- Louis XVI
- King of France last of the Bourbon excuted during the French Revolution in 1792
- Another name for a governing concil, particularly in Latin America, is
- Junta
- Catherine the Great
- Enlightened despot in Russia; greatest regret was not having done enough for Russian peasants.
- The idea that free market activity should be left alone by government is an example of what economic theory?
- Laissez-faire
- Third Estate
- Majority of French population 98%- included peasants, bourgeosie, and lower-class workers in Paris (sans- culottes, or mob)
- The largest peasant rebellion in Russian history, which limited Catherine the Great's ability to improve the lives of the peasantry. What was the name of this event?
- Pugachev Rebellion
- Philosophes
- A group of French thinkers during the enlightenment; philosophers using reason to explain issues regarding the human condition.
- Which body of government was not called for over 150 years before the French Revolution?
- Estates General
- First Estate
- Members of the clergy- approximately 1% of the population.
- Old Regime
- The old form of government (France = absolute monarchy)
- Baron de Montesquieu
- Supported the separation of powers in government to prevent the abuse of power.
- Tories
- Political party in England supportive of the king's rule.
- Frederick the Great
- Enlightened despot in Prussia; did little to improve the lives of most in Prussia.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Believed that a social contract, or agreement, exists between government and the people it protects, and the government only exists by the will of the people.
- Parliment
- Representative body of government in England
- Radicals
- People who favored quick and major changes to society - Jacobins
- First Continetal Congress
- Announcements to England that the colonies were in dfependent and free of British rule; ideas behind Declaration are directlt linked to the ideas of the french philosophes.
- Pragmatism
- The attempt to try to please opposing parties in an effort to maintain peace.
- Tenis Couirt Oath
- Promise by the Third Estate to create a Constitution and form a new government (June 1789)
- "No taxation without representation"
- Main complaint of American colonists in 1775 to developea list of complaints for King Georg III; George ignores complaints about taxes and representation, leading to Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War
- John Locke
- Believed that government was formed to protect three basic human rights; life, liberty and property
- Whigs
- Political party in England in favor of establishing Parliment as most powerful
- Estates General
- Lawmaking body in france before the French Revolution
- Second Estate
- French Nobilty- approximately1% of population- no responsibilty to pay taxes
- Bastille
- A fortress jail in France, whose fall on July 14, 1789, marked the beginning of the French Revolution
- Bourgeoisie
- Educated town people familiar with the philosophes' ideas
- Treaty Of Paris
- Settlement of Revolutionary War (1783)
- Joseph II
- Enlightened despot in Austria;son of Maria Theresa; most successful of enlightened despots in bringing reform to peasantry.
- Enlightened Despot
- An absolute ruler who uses their power for the good of their subjects.
- Declaration of the Rights of Man
- Statement by the third Estate aboute the ideals of the french revolution; established human rights and freedoms as central concern of government (August 1789)
- Marie Antoinette
- wife of Louis XVI; Queen of France
- Constitutional Monarchy
- System of government in which king's or queen's powers are limited or defined by the legislature; the monarch's power is reduced.
- Moderates
- People who wished to keep change slow and work with the king - Girondins