Psychology Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Hypothesis
- An educated guess
- Replicate
- Study must be repeated and must produce the same results as before for the findings of a study to be confirmed
- Survey
- Gathering information by asking people to respond to a series of questions about a particular subject
- Target Population
- The whole group you want to study or describe
- Sample
- Only a part of the target population
- Random Sample
- Individuals are selected by chance from the target population
- Stratified Sample
- Subgroups in the population are reepresented proportionally in the sample
- Volunteer Bias
- People who volunteer to participate in research studies often differ from people who do not
- Vase Study
- An in-depth investigation of an individual or small group
- Longitudinal Method
- Researchers select a group of participants and then observe thoes participants over a period of time, often years or evne decades
- Cross-Sectional Method
- Researchers select a sample that includes people of different ages
- Naturalistic Observation
- Study of behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating or control on the part of the observer
- Laboratory Observation
- Study of behavior in a controlled situation
- Correlation
- A measure of how closely one thing is related to another
- Positive Correlation
- A relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other variable lso increases
- Negative Correlation
- An unpleasant stimulus between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases
- Experiment
- A controlled scientific procedure to determine whether certain variables manipulated by the researcher have an effect on other variables
- Variable
- A factor that is measured or controlled in a scientific study
- Independent Variable
- Factor that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect
- Dependent Variable
- Factor that is being measured and that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variables
- Experimental Group
- Members that receive treatment
- Control Group
- Members in an experiment that doe snot receive treatment
- Controlled Experiment
- When an experiment uses control groups as well as experimental groups
- Placebo
- Substance or treatmentthat has no effect apart from a person's belief in it
- Single-Blind Study
- Participants in an experiment do not know whether they are receiving the treatment or not
- Double-Blind Study
- A study in which both participants and experimenters are unaware of who has obtained the treatment
- Ethics
- Standards for proper and responsible behavior
- Informed Consent
- People agree to participate in a research study only after they have been given a general overview of the research