edpy442 ch3

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ethical principles: a. beneficence (do good, prevent harm)
b. nonmaleficence (no inflict harm)
c. autonomy (self-determination)
d. justice (fairness)
e. fidelity (honor commitment)
3 reasons conflicts arise within ethical codes: a. counsellors have to know all to be able to differentiate dillemas
b. codes offer conflicting guidelines of what to do
c. counsellors belong to more than 1 organization with conflicting code of ethics
ethical and legal: =following a just law
ethics: =making decisions of a moral nature about people and their interaction in society
unethical and legal: =following an unjust law
unethical and illegal: =breaking a just law
4 reasons ethical codes exist: a. protect profession from gov't
b. control internal disagreements
c. protect counsellors from public
d. protect public from incompetent counsellors
purpose of code of ethics: =offers formal statements for ensuring protection of client's rights while identifying expectations of practitioners
ethical codes and general and idealistic: =seldom answer specific questions
=provide guidelines only
ethical reasoning: =process of determining which ethical principles are involved and then prioritizing them based on the professional requirements and beliefs
ethical and alegal: =doing good where no law applies
four main ethical issues: a. informed consent
b. coercion and deception
c. confidentiality
d. reporting the results
cyber counselling: =counselling over the internet with ethical dilemmas
computers, counselling, and ethics: =potential ethical difficulty for a breach of client info. when cmpt's are used to transmit info
other settings and ethics: a. elderly
b. multicultural
c. managed care
d. diagnosis of clients
e. counselling research
slippery slope effect: =condoning or ignoring a situation they risk eroding their own sense of moral selfhood and find it easier to condone future ethical breaches
legal: =law or the state of being lawful
ethical and illegal: =disobeying an unjust law
dual relationships: =counsellor-client sexual relations
ethical decision making: =requires virtues such as character, integrity, moral courage and knowledge
steps to work thru ethical dilemmas: 1. identify problem
2. apply code of ethics
3. consider moral principles
4. action implemented
4 levels of credentialing procedures: 1. inspection
2. registration
3. certification
4. licensure
law: =governing standards to ensure legal and moral justice
privacy: = recognizes individuals rights to choose the time, circumstances, and extent to which they share or withold personal info
5 types of ethical dilemmas: a. confidentiality
b. role conflict
c. counsellor competence
d. conflicts with employer
e. degree of dangerousness
3 parts of sharing: a. confidentiality
b. privacy
c. priveleged communication
records should contain: =all info of the client necessary for their treatment
when would a counsellor be in court: a. voluntary and professional ex. expert witness (compensated financially)
b. court order
ex. subpoena for a case
confidentiality: =ethical duty to fulfill a contract or promise to clients that the info revealed during therapy will be protected in disclosure
justify an action: =best judgement of what should be done based upon the current state of the profession
6 categories of info in a record: a. intake info
b. assessment info
c. treatment plan
d. case notes
e. termination summary
f. other data
educating counsellors in ethical decision making: -course offerings
-continuing education credit
active profession based on values: orienting beliefs about what is good and how that good should be achieved
priveleged communication: = regulates privacy protection and confidentiality
by witholding info closed in court without their permission
unethical and alegal: =doing harm that no law prohibits
process-oriented framework for counsellors to use when working with families: 6 values affected:
a. responsibility
b. integrity
c. commitment
d. freedom of choice
e. empowerment
f. right to grieve
liability in counselling: =issues of whether counsellors have caused harm to clients
5 stage continuum of reasoning: a. punishment orientation
b. institutional orientation
c. societal orientation
d. individual orientation
e. principle (conscience) orientation
when clients are dangerous to themselves or others: - laws specify that info must be reported to the proper authorities
malpractice: =harm to client b/c of professional negligence
morality: =involves judgment or evaluation of action
ex. right and wrong
2 ways to protect from malpractice: a. follow code of ethics
b. follow normal practice standards
negligence: =departure from acceptable professional standards
guidelines for acting ethically: a. honesty
b. best interest of client
c. act without malice or gain
d. justify an action
client rights and records: =first must learn what rights the clients have and to inform the client of them
temptations of counsellors: a.physical intamacy
b. gossip
(to advance one's career)
release-of-info form: =method to use to disclose information
(attorney writes)
tort: = a wrong that legal action is designed to set right
civil liability: =one can be sued for acting wrongly against someone or failing to act when their duty to do so
2 types of liability: a. civil
b. criminal
school counselling and ethics: =the ethical responsibility is to the client first and teh school second
criminal liability: = counsellor's working with a client in a way the law doesn't allow
implied rights: =susbstantive due process
=when a rule is made that arbitrarily limits an individual
2 main types of client rights: a. implied
b. explicit
explicit rights: =procedural due process
=when a rule is broken and the client is not told how to remedy the matter

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