Science Terms
Terms
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- inorganic forms of compounds
- compounds that cannot be used on earth
- brownian motion
- the measure of how much molecules move
- Abiotic factors
- the nonliving components of an ecosystem
- to control
- creating only one independent variable in order to minimize the risk of experimental error
- atom
- the smallest particles of matter
- independent variable
- The variable that is manipulated during an experiment and is controlled by the experimenter
- matter
- what everything is made out of
- mitochondria
- place in the cell where cellular respiration takes place
- absolute zero
- the coldest temperature their can be, zero kelvin, contains no brownian motion
- mixture
- when you have two things together that are not chemically combined
- conductors
- substances that transfer heat energy easily
- coefficient
- the number in front of the chemical compound; does not have to be there
- physical change
- the state of matter changes but the chemical structure does not
- the atomic number
- the number of protons in the cell
- lab report
- process to document scientific method which can be shared or replicated to otheres
- greenhouse gasses
- gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect; absorb and radiate heat
- omnivore
- an organism that eats both plants and meat
- law of conservation of matter
- the idea that matter is neither created nor destroyed in only changes form
- herbivore
- an organism that eats only plants
- II. materials
- the part in the lab report that contains the items necessary to complete the experiment and safety concerns and precautions; is in a bulleted list of column form
- trophic level
- each step in the transfer of energy in an ecosystem
- evaporation
- when water turns into a gas once it has been heated and rises from the earth into clouds
- Dependent variable
- the variable that changes in response to the independent variable and that is measured by the experimenter(results of the experiment)
- element
- a material consisting of only one type of atom
- scientific method
- thinking process that scientist use to solve problems or answer questions
- food chain
- a sequence in which energy is transfered from one organism to another
- periodic table
- the table of elements
- atomic theory of matter
- 1) all elements of made up of atoms which are "indivisible" particles 2) atoms that are made up of the same element are exactly alike 3) atoms of different elements have different properties 4) atoms are not changed by chemical reactions 5) compound are formed when elements combine 6) compounds are defined by the number, type, and proportion of atoms
- transpiration
- the evaporation of water from plants
- ultraviolet radiation
- harmful radiation that is absorbed/deflected by the ozone layer
- data table
- raw data that is organized in a table
- stratopause
- the transition between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
- ions
- atoms with a charge either positive of negative
- chemical change
- the chemical structure changes from the reaction to the product
- conduction
- the transfer of energy between the particles of matter (typically a solid)
- tropopause
- the transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere
- stratospheric ozone
- good ozone that keeps out ultraviolet radiation
- habitat
- the physical environment in which and organism lives
- atomic mass
- the number of protons and neutron in the cell combined
- protons
- a subatomic particle with a positive charge
- ductile
- can be pulled into a wire
- groups
- columns (I-VII) on the periodic table
- V. analysis
- the part of the lab report that contains a graph of the data and can include a full sentences in paragraph form
- nonmetals
- an element that is brittle and does not conduct electricity well
- III. procedure
- the part the the lab report that contains a detailed list of the procedure; it identifies the groups (experimental and control) and variables (independent and dependent variable); formatted in numbered sentences
- metals
- an element that is ductile, malleable, and conducts electricity well
- nucleus
- where the protons and neutrons are found in an atom
- subscript
- the number of atoms of one element
- variable
- something that changes
- 3rd law of thermodynamics
- zero kelvin=absolute zero=no brownian motion
- qualitative
- word descriptions
- ozone layer
- 90% of ozone that is found in the stratosphere
- carbon cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
- atmosphere
- the layer of air and gasses that surround the earth
- food pyramid-10% rule
- in a food pyramid only 10% of the energy is transfered from one level to the next
- temperature
- the measure of heat
- celsius/fahrenheit/kelvin
- different ways of measuring temperature
- thermosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains single atoms, space shuttles that orbit; temperature increases as you go up
- product
- the chemical compounds on the right of an arrow pointing right
- precipitation
- rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls back to earth after it has gotten heavy enough in its condensed form that gravity pulls it back to earth
- metalloids
- an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals; a hybrid
- hypothesis
- the making of an educated prediction that solves a problem or answers a question
- heat
- the total energy of the random movement of molecules of a substance/object
- observation
- the process of observing the experiment; gaining background knowledge on the topic of an experiment in order to identify a problem of question
- nitrogen cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of nitrogen through the atmosphere
- title
- the part in a lab report that names the topic in a descriptive and specific way; it is centered on the top of the page
- Control group
- group with out treatment; original group; the group all other things are compared to
- smog
- ground level ozone
- ozone hole
- a very thin section in the ozone layer over Antarctica where UV rays can get through and cause damage to human heath and vegitation
- carnivore
- an organism that eats only meat
- mesosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains shooting stars and meteors; the temperature decreases as you go up
- exosphere
- there the atmosphere turns into space; temperature decreases as you go up
- stratosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature increases as you go up
- organic forms of compounds
- compounds that can be used on earth
- insulators
- substances that do not easily transfer heat energy
- experiment
- the test of a hypothesis and the collection of data
- chlorofluorocarbons
- man-made chemical substance that depletes the ozone layer
- compound
- two or more atoms that are chemically combined
- 1st law of thermodynamics
- energy is conserved
- reactant
- the chemical compounds on the left of an arrow pointing right
- consumer
- an organism that gets its energy by eating other animals
- sustainable
- able to survive on its own
- Human error
- a mistake a human made while following the procedure
- Montreal protocol
- an agreement that says countries will not produce CFC's
- six months old
- how old your current event for science can be
- chemical symbol
- a symbol for an element on the periodic table
- Error
- problem with an experiment
- environmental issues
- global warming, deforestation, urbanization, burning of fossil fuels, pollution, emissions, animal extinction
- Ecosystem
- all the different biotic and abiotic factors in a certain area, along with the physical enviorment
- quantitative
- numeral descriptions
- mesopause
- the transition between the mesosphere and the thermosphere
- radiation
- the travel of energy in waves or rays
- water cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of water through an ecosystem, which involves evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation
- periods
- rows (1-7) on the periodic table
- convection
- the transfer of energy in a gas or liquid by means of the currents within
- Deductive reasoning
- taking a lot of information and creating on idea
- cellular respiration
- the process of breaking down food to yield energy
- Niche
- the animals relationship and interaction within its environment
- cloud seeding
- man-made precipitation that occurs when humans fill clouds with iodine particles
- particulate matter
- pieces of "stuff" in the atmosphere
- states of matter
- solid, liquid, gas, plasma
- malleable
- can be flattened
- brittle
- breakable, shatters
- IV. data
- the part in the lab report that contains the raw data collected in a table
- aquifer
- an underground place where water is stored
- troposphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains life and weather; the temperature decreases as you go up
- ozone event
- when tropospheric ozone makes it unhealthy (in varying degrees) to go outside
- I. introduction
- the part in a lab report that contains the background information, purpose of the experiment, and hypothesis to be tested; it is in full sentences and paragraph form
- electron
- a subatomic particle with a negative charge
- chloroplast
- place in the cell where photosynthesis takes place
- IV. Conclusion
- the section is a lab report where you determine if your hypothesis is supported by the data
- experimental group
- group with treatment; testing to independent variable or hypothesis
- photosynthesis
- the process of converting sunlight to energy by absorbing sunlight that triggers a chemical reactions which uses the sunlight along with water and carbon dioxide to create sugar
- neutrons
- a subatomic particle with a neutral charge
- experimental error
- a flaw in the design of the procedure
- producer
- an organism that makes its own food
- inductive reasoning
- taking an idea and applying it to other situations
- why hot air rises
- because it is less dense then cold air
- Biotic factors
- the living components of an ecosystem
- tropospheric ozone
- ozone that s hazardous to human heath and vegetation; 10% of ozone