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seng PEDS Final

Terms

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Rubeola: (measles)
Complications: diarrhea, CNS, encephalitis (rare), secondary bacterial infections (otitis media, bronchopneumonia, croup
symptoms of lyme disease
Symptoms: slowly expanding red rash at site, bullseye, resolves spontaneously within 4 weeks; (5-21 days)malaise, fatige, HA, stiff neck, mild fever, muscle/joint aches; (1-4 months) pain/swelling of joints (knee), facial palsy, meningitis, AV block (months later) arthritis, CNS changes
symptoms of rabies
Symptoms: may be asymptomatic during incubation period; initial acute symptoms: pain or paresthesia, HA, fever, loss of appetite, malaise, painful contractures in muscles used for swallowing lead to hydrophobia; later neuro symptoms: hallucinations, disorientation, mania and quiet periods, seizures, stupor and coma
complications and treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Complications: DIC, GI, pulmonary, encephalitis, cardiac/renal complications, may lead to shock; • Treatment: ABX
treatment of rabies
Treatment: immediately wash animal bites with soap and water and irrigate well, avoid suturing; HRIG must be given before onset of symptoms ( ½ infiltrated around would, ½ given IM)
Rabies
Decreased ability to swallow causes drooling or aspiration, fatal in all cases if disease established, hydrophobia
stage 2 of 5th disease
________rash: 1-4 days later, lacelike, symmetric, erythematous maculopapular rash on trunk and extremities, spreads proximal to distal
rash of scarlet fever
Rash distribution: within 24 hours, red, fine, popular rash, axillae, groin, and neck, spreads peripherally-covers entire body, blanches on pressure except deep creases, desquamation of dark skin (begins with face, moves down trunk)
TX of 5th disease
Treatment: symptomatic, supportive, blood transfusion if aplastic crisis occurs
symptoms of scarlet fever
Symptoms: abrupt fever for 5-6 days, vomiting, HA, abdominal pain, pharyngitis, chills, white-red strawberry tongue
treatment of malaria
Treatment: fluid replacement, antipyretics, anemia management, quinine sulfate, tetracycline, mefloquine, sulfadoxine pyremethamine (child <8)
compications of pertussis
Complications: pneumonia, atelectasis, otitis media, seizures
Treatment of pertussis
• Treatment: ABX (erythromycin), corticosteroids (airway)
complications of malaria
Complications: severe anemia, pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, renal failure, bleeding, shock, asplenia-high risk of death
treatment of lyme disease
Treatment: ABX, PO, then IV if no response in 2-4 weeks, <8: amoxicillin, cefuroxime, axetil, erythromycin; >8: doxycycline, tetracycline
complications of 5th disease
Complications: transient aplastic crisis, arthritis for 1-6 days after rash, pregnant women (intrauterine infection, fetal death (1st half of pregnancy)
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Increased communicability before onset of disease, not contagious after onset of rash
symptoms of malaria
Symptoms: myalgia, malaise, HA, abdominal pain, back pain, diarrhea, N/V, spiking fever
stage 3 of 5th disease
______ rash: lasts 1-3 weeks, rash fades, may reappear with environmental stressors
Fifth disease
Prodromal: 2-3 days, HA, chills, malaise, nausea, body ache, rash 1 week later
stage 1 of 5th disease
_______ rash: intense, fiery red, edematous, slapped cheek, circumoral pallor
S/S of Rocky mountain fever
Moderate to high fever lasting 2-3 weeks, malaise, deep muscle pain, persistent HA, chills, conjuctival infection, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, jaundice, rash develops between 3rd and 5th days (starts on extremities, moves to trunk, maculopapular, blaches with pressure, appears on palms and soles, petichial and more defined
Rocky mountin spotted fever
Bite of infected ticks (usually dog ticks), ticks must be attached and feeding at least 4-6 hours
Malaria
Mosquito bites
Treatment of scarlet fever
Treatment: penicillin or erythromycin, supportive care
transmission of Pertussis
Respiratory droplets, direct contact with respiratory discharge
Diptheria
contact with infected individuals, carrier's nasal/eye discharge, or skin lesion, indirect contact with contaminated articles, unpasteurized milk
symptoms of pertussis
Symptoms: runny nose followed by irregular nonproductive cough, cough becomes more severe at night, changes to spasms of paroxysmal coughing followed by inspiration, stridor, whooping; may be accompanied by flushing, cyanosis, vomiting, and profuse drainage from nose, eyes, and mouth
Rubeola: (measles)
Symptoms: 3 Cs, high fever, anorexia, malaise, Koplik's spots (appear on buccal mucosa about 2 days before and after rash).
Complications of Diptheria
Complications: endotoxin produced causing myocarditis, peripheral neuropathy, ascending paralysis, death from airway obstruction
Rubeola: (measles)
rash: 2-4 days post prodromal deep macular rash, begins on face, spreads down trunk and extremities to feet, blanches easily with pressure, gradually turns brownish color, duration 6-7 days
Lyme disease
Tick bite transmits, must feed for 36 hours
Treatment of Diptheria
Treatment: IV antitoxin and ABX within 3 days of symptom onset, watch airway may need to remove membrane
complications of scarlet fever
Complications: extension of strep infection
complications of rabies
Complications: death usually results
Rubeola: (measles)
Treatment: airborne precautions, quiet activities and bedrest while febrile, vitamin A, antibiotics
complications of lyme disease
Complications: leg/arm weakness, Bell's palsy, encephalopathy, meningitis, severe HA, chronic arthritis, peripheral nerve disorders, crosses placenta
symptoms of Diptheria
Symptoms: mild to severe with gradual onset over 2-4 days, low grade fever, anorexia, malaise, rhinorrhea with foul odor, cough, hoarseness, stridor or noisy breathing, cervical lymphadenitis, pharyngitis, thick bluish white to grayish black patch on tonsils, soft and hard palate and pharynx
scarlet fever: causes
Group A beta-hemolytic strep

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