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APES Ch. 8

Study Sheet #8

Terms

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richness
_______ refers to the number of different species.
primary
A rock exposed by a retreating glacier exhibits ______ succession.
exploitation competition
New puppy is added to a home with an older dog. The older dog gobbles up its food and the puppy's food. This behavior is __________.
interference competition
New kitten is added to home with older cat. Older cat hisses and swats at the younger cat in the kitchen where they are fed. This behavior is __________.
A shark is most likely to be killed for sport, out of fear, for food, and for their jaws.
A shark is most likely to be killed for sport, out of fear, for food, and for their jaws.
specialist
A giant panda is a _______ species.
fire-maintained
Giant sequoia forests, temperate grasslands, and chaparral are ______ communities.
catastrophic
Plowing is a ______ change.
frequent moderate disturbances
According to the intermediate disturbance hypotheses this condition is likely to result in communities with the greatest diversity .
gradual
Climate change is a ______ change.
parasitism
A relationship in which one species gets its nourishment by living on, in, or near a member of another species over an extended time is ______.
nonnative
Wild African bees (not in Africa) are ______ species.
Parasites can act to hold interacting species of an ecosystem together.
Parasites can act to hold interacting species of an ecosystem together.
commensalism
A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree is ______.
indicator
Species that serve as early warnings of environmental damage are called ______ species.
stability
The ability of a population to maintain a certain size is ______.
150 million
Amphibians have been living on earth for about ______ years.
camouflage, acute sense of sight and smell, protective shells, and warning/ambush.
List four ways prey defend themselves.
indicator
Birds and trout make good ______ species.
parasites
_____ can moderate population fluctuations of a species.
It takes several centuries to several thousands of years to produce fertile soil naturally.
It takes several centuries to several thousands of years to produce fertile soil naturally.
Terrestrial ecosystems are a dynamic patchwork of vegetation providing great biodiversity and sites for early successional species to gain a foothold
Terrestrial ecosystems are a dynamic patchwork of vegetation providing great biodiversity and sites for early successional species to gain a foothold.
keystone
Species whose roles in an ecosystem are much more important than their abundance would suggest are called ______ species.
natural disturbances
Droughts, floods, fires and frosts are ______.
they congregate and are easy targets, they are hunted and deforestation
Why are flying foxes listed as endangered species? (3 reasons)
high, low
Based on the theory of Island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the mainland would have relatively _____ immigration and _____ extinction rates.
resilience
______ is the ability of an organism to return to its former condition after a period of stress.
less, more
Compared to forests, grasslands have ______ diversity and ______ resilience.
nondestructive
Forms of ______ behavior between organisms include sharing resources by hunting and different times and looking for food in different places, mutualism and commensalism.
mutualism
A relationship in which both species benefit is ______.
natural and catastrophic
Changes such as drought and earthquake are ______.
specialist
_______ species are more likely to become extinct.
tolerance
A maple seedling growing successfully in a birch stand and all species thrive is ______.
commensalism
What is the relationship between redwood trees and redwood sorrel.
immature
In ______ ecosystems, the food webs are simple.
late
An ecosystem with turkeys and gray squirrels is in ______ succession.
Consequences of fire suppression: buildup of large quantities of highly flammable undergrowth; development of an entirely different ecosystem, and fires that do occur may be more severe.
Consequences of fire suppression: buildup of large quantities of highly flammable undergrowth; development of an entirely different ecosystem, and fires that do occur may be more severe.
The giant panda is an endangered species because; are separated into small, isolated populations, low birth rate, and low litter size.
The giant panda is an endangered species because; are separated into small, isolated populations, low birth rate, and low litter size.
mature
In ______ ecosystems the efficiency of energy use is high.
Amphibians are particularly sensitive to pollution; live part of life in water, soft permeable skin, sensitivity to UV rays
Amphibians are particularly sensitive to pollution; live part of life in water, soft permeable skin, sensitivity to UV rays.
human caused and gradual
Changes such as depletion of underground aquifers and waterlogging of irrigated soils are ______.
being active at different times
Hawks and owls are predators that avoid competition by ___________.
biodiversity
Parasites can promote ____________.
kill
Parasites rarely ____ their hosts.
cockroaches
_______ exhibit all of the following qualities; can live almost anywhere, quick response time, develop genetic resistance to poisons.
soil formation
Physical weathering, lichens, mosses, and secretion of acids encourage ______ in primary succession.
early
An ecosystem with rabbit, quail, and pheasant is in ______ succession.
Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats.
Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats.
secondary
A heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up would undergo ______ succession
keystone
Sea otters, dung beetles, and gopher tortoises are generally considered to be ______ species.
mutualism
The following illustrate the relationship of _________; lichens, ants and acacias, rhizobium bacteria in root nodules of legumes, and following plants and insects.
mature
An ecosystem with grizzle bears and caribou is in the ______ stage of succession.
ectoparasites
Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, mistle toe, and athlete's foot fungus are _____________.
more, less
Compared to grasslands, forests have ______ diversity and ______ resilience.
changing conditions and releasing resources
What are two immediate effects of natural disturbances?
keystone
Amphibians are considered ______ species.
indicator
Amphibians are important ______ species
Flying foxes contribute to the economy for the role they play in the production of tannins, dyes, animal fodder, fruits and medicines.
Flying foxes contribute to the economy for the role they play in the production of tannins, dyes, animal fodder, fruits and medicines.
low-latitude
_______ forests have the world's most biodiversity.
nonnative
Species that migrate or are accidentally introduced into an ecosystem are called ______ species.
Stability includes inertia, persistence, constancy and resilience
Stability includes inertia, persistence, constancy, and resilience.

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