Foundations CH.1
Terms
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- Step family
- Family structure formed when a person who has children from a former marriage remarries
- Monozygotic twins
- Twins who share the same genetic code because they developed from one fertilized egg, which divided into two separate individuals; identical twins
- Cognitive development
- Development of mental processes used to process information, grow in awareness, solve problems, and gain knowledge
- Nuclear family
- Family structure in which the biological mother and father and their children live together
- Continuous Development
- View of development as smooth and gradual
- Child Development
- Involves changes in physical, social, emotional, and intellectual functioning over time, from conception through adolescence
- Ethnicity
- A group whose members share a common cultural heritage and a sense of belonging
- Learning
- Changes that occur as the result of observation, experience, instruction, or practice
- Nature verses nurture debate
- Controversy over the extent to which biological/genetic and environmental factors influence development
- Discontinuous development
- View of development as abrupt and unstable, made up of qualitative stages and changes
- Physical development
- Growth and change in a person's body and bodily functions
- Developmental Domains
- The three main areas of development: physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development
- Transactional perspective
- The view that development occurs as the result of the interplay between the diverse qualities that individuals bring to their environments and the diverse environments that individuals experience
- Dizygotic twins
- Twins who develop fron two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm cells; fraternal twins
- Socialization
- The process by which children learn social roles and become members of groups
- Heritability
- An estimate of the degree to which variation of a characteristic in a population is influenced by genetic factors
- Natural selection
- The process in nature, whereby individuals who are best adapted to their surroundings survive and reproduce, and the adaptive characteristics of those individuals are passed on to the next generation
- Multiracial
- A term used to describe people who are of two or more races
- Blended Family
- Family structure formed when a widowed or divorced person remarries
- Critical Periods
- Periods of time during which a particular event or stimulus has to occur to have an impact on development
- Sensitive periods
- Periods of time that are optimal, but not necessary, for the development of certain behaviors or functions
- Race
- A group whose members share a genetic heritage
- Extended family
- Family structure consisting of one or more parents, one or more of the parents' children and one or more other relatives living together in one household
- Maturation
- Changes brought about largely through the unfolding of a person's genetic code
- Social-emotional development
- Development of processes related to interactions with other people
- Single-parent family
- Family structure in which children live with only their mother or their father