Ch. 1 human geography
Terms
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- sequent occupance
- notion that succesive societies leave their cultural imprint on a place contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
- Choropleth Map
- Colors mean something
- Contagious Diffusion
- The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic thought the population
- Stimulus Diffusion
- The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected
- Geographic Information System
- This system uses layers of computer data used to organize/ analyze/ observe the geographic information collected.
- Hearth
- the place from which an innovation originates
- Large Scale Maps
- are more detailed
- Diffusion
- process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
- Centralized Pattern
- clustered or concentrated at a certain place
- International Date Line
- an imaginary line on the surface of the earth following (approximately) the 180th meridian (longitutude)
- Random Pattern
- no specific order or logic behind its arrangement
- Dispersion
- the spatial property of being scattered about over an area or volume
- Arithmetic Density
- The total number of people divided by the total land area.
- Relative Location
- how a place is related, or connected to other places
- Distortion
- shape, direction, size, and distance can be distorted
- Thematic Maps
- maps which give information about one specific aspect: climate, vegetation, crops, towns, etc
- Meridian
- Longitude
- Distribution
- the spatial property of being scattered about over an area or volume
- Parallel
- an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator
- accessibility
- the ease of getting to a place; a variable quality of location
- Isoline (contour) Map
- line connect points with the same elevation
- Linear Pattern
- straight pattern, ex. houses along a street
- Situation
- refers to the exteranl relations of a locale
- Absolute Location
- exact location, address, Latitiude/Longititude
- Distance Decay
- The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
- Spatial
- having to do with space on or near earth's surface
- Latitude
- an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator
- Concentration
- extent of a feature's spread over space
- Cylindrical Projection
- A type of map projection in which distances measured along the equator are correct, but become more distrorted as they near the poles.
- Spatial Interaction
- when places are connected to each other through a network
- Physical attribute
- natural landscape
- agglomerated
- clustered together but not orderly (clustered)
- Map Scale
- indicates the relationship between the distances in reality to earth
- Cultural attribute
- cultural landscape, fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group
- Expansion Diffusion
- The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
- Formal Region
- (uniformal/Homogenous Region) An area within which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics
- Hierarchial Diffusion
- a form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples down to others
- Size
- the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)
- friction of distance
- A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between 2 places
- Possibilism
- The physical environment may limit some human actions but humans have the power to change that and make decisions
- Changing attributes
- built landscape, The succeeding stages of human inhabitation over time on one site
- Prime Meridian
- line of the global grid running from the North Pole to the South Pole through Greenwich, England; starting point for measuring degrees east and west longitude
- Site
- refers to the physical and cultural characteristics and attributes of the place
- Relocation Diffusion
- The spread of a feature or trend through migration of people from one place to another
- Epidemiological Transition
- Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
- Physiological Density
- The Number of people per unit in land suitable for agriculture.
- Enviromental Determinism
- A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions
- Scale
- implied degree of generalization
- Functional Region
- (nodal region) , region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur around one central point
- Equator
- an imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles
- Demographic Transition
- the process by which a country moves from relatively high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates
- Longitude
- an imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the north and south poles at right angles to the equator
- Perceptual Region
- (vernacular region) exists based upon people's perceptions. What is included in a region of this form, even the existence of the region, may be disputed; for example, the American South or the civilized world.
- Remote Sensing
- The collection of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods
- Conic Projection
- a map projection of the globe onto a cone with its point over one of the earth's poles
- Statistical Map
- a graphic representation of elements of importance or interest pertaining to a theme
- Small Scale Maps
- shows a large area with out much detail
- Model
- simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clafify causal relationships to explain patterns, make informed decisions, and predict future behaviors
- Global Positioning System
- group of satellites orbiting around the earth used to pinpoint absolute location
- Dot Map
- thematic maps that use points to show the precise location of specific observations or occurences
- Cartogram Map
- A presentation of statistical data in geographical distribution on a map
- space-time compression
- describes the reduction in time that it takes for something to reach another place