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child pyschology chpt 10

Terms

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mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
problems in expressive language combined with difficulty understanding language.
children diagnosed with autism today
30 out of 1000 children
attention deficit/hyperactivity(ADHD)
inability to sustain attention, excessive activity, and low impulse control.
girls or boys tend to choose physical activity games that involve fine motor skills and less competition
girls
one of the most common nutritional problem in US is?
overweight (obesity in adults)
the average 7 yr old
is 49 inches tall and weighs 55 lbs
average 11 yr old
58 inches tall and weighs 80lbs
social
teamwork, cooperation, sportsmanship, dealing with defeat
average boy and girl by 9 the same but by 11
girls are 1 1/2 inches taller and 8 lbs heavier. boys will be taller and heavier by age 14
Of all US student are diagnosed w/learning disorders . Those school official estimate is
5 % and 20 %
brain growth and development by age 6
child brain is 90% of adult size
risk factors of child sexual abuse
unhealthy family, marital disruption, individual factors- sociallly isolated children, and early developing.
main reason of accident for childhood
because children independence exceeds their ability to make good judgement
learning disabilities
difficulty with specific skills, like reading, math, or writing
characterisitcs of autism
low IQ, prefer set routine, small number show splinder, skills- usually strong ability to perform cognitive functions
autism is not inherited but do to
chromosomal abnormality
how much percentage of kids have seem parent loose control at a sporting event
74
educating children with exceptional needs
all children entitled to free and appropriate public school education
some of the injuries childhood have
falls, cuts, bike accidents, dog bites
prevalence rate
how often a condition occurs
growth in the cerebral cortex is due to
growth of blood vessels, increase nmber of glia cells, and continued myelination of axons.
obesity is a risk factor for?
heart disease, diabetes, asthma, depression, low self esteem
low income family
tend to eat less veggies and fruits, have less oportunities to be active that's why they have higher accurance of being overweight
the law requires
that children be educated in "least restricitve environment"
communication and learning disorders treatment
children may outgrow some and learn to compensate others, educational support at school helps, and counseling and therapy help self-esteem issues
how many children age 10-18 participate in some kind of organized sport
55 %
why dont all children participate?
cost, transportation, potential for injuries, and attitudes of coaches and parents
up to age 10 what is still growing?
the cerebral cortex
stuttering
repeated same sound, more normal right brain hemisphere activity. gradual onset btw 2 and 7. more males that females.
autism is 4 times more common in
boys
causes of Autism
strong genetic component, may be some environmental factors, not yet determined
working out brings?
emotional benefit
severe form of autism
try to teach then basic form skills, but is very hard.
cause of communication and learning disorders
strong genetic component-related to abnormalities in brain function (temporal lobe)
mild form
individual learn to go to work, hold a job and develop social and language skills
body mass index (BMI)
indicator of body fat based on weight and height, above the 95th percentile for child's age and sex. low BMI- need to eat more, high- need to eat less.
important outcomes from middle school "self motivation"
getting very involved in activities without being asked to do so.
phonological disorders
problems with the articulation or production of language sounds. difficulty in speaking some letter sound, should less normal have temporal lobe
individualized education plan (IEP)
required for all children who are identified as needing special services-outlines services needed and goals for instruction
dut to change in how ASD is diagnosed
increased rates of identification
treatment of ADHD
no cure, but there's medication (ritain, cylert), anti-depressants, behavior management and counseling that can controlled.
child sexual abuse
1 in 5 girls and 1 in 9 boys will experience some form of sexual abuse before age 18
child sexual abuse occurs
in all ethnic, geographic and economic groups
pruning occurs in the
occipital lobe
children in the US that have autism is
about 4 out of every 1000 children
cognitive and emotional
self esteem, school success, positive body image, lower level of depression
pruning occurs in two ways
programed cell death (genetic instructions) and lack of activities.
2 ways a child can inherited ADHD
defeated genes by parents, and a non defect gene, who's expression is mutate by teratogens
causes of accidental death in middle childhood
car accidents, drowning, burns, bike accidents
what percentage require daily phys ed at school?
28 %
important outcomes from middle school "independence"
children begin to be able to make good decisions without supervision
ADHD signs emerge
before age 7 and persist into adolescence and adulthood, 4 to 6 % of children, and 3 times more boys than girls.
motor development improve, during the middle childhood
overall strength improves, balance and flexibility increase, and increasing coordination of skills- putting it all together.
after age 10
brain shrinks in some areas, pruning takes places in occipital, parietal and temporal lobes and results in more efficiency in brain functions
how many children participate in some sport each year?
30 million
what percentage of all child maltreatment is sexual abuse
10 %
treatment of Autism
depends on severity- focus on teaching various self help, social and language skills
Autism Spectrum disorders
a group of serious development disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, range in severity from mild (Asperger syndrome) to severe (Autism)
expressive language
problems using words to communicate thoughts, desires, and feelings.
children when exercise tend to
feel better about themselves, have higher self-esteem, and have fewer negative moods.
the cause of ADHD
research points to genetics- problems in frontal lobes (attention, self-control) and lead exposure and alcohol/tobacco exposure before birth.
physical
strenght, balance, coordination, flexibility
benefits from organized sports
physical, social and cognitive and emotional.
what percentage of kids wear hemelts?
25 %
comorbidity
having more than one disorder
children with exceptional needs
1 in 5 children suffer serious development, emotional or behavioral problem
social interaction and communication of autism
avoid eye contact, show little emotion to family members, and dont usually form friendship.
IEP addresses
how those the disability affect the child ability to learn, and how well the IEP provide for progress for educational goals
during middle childhood year the gross-motor and fine- motor skills become...
more controlled and coordinated
organized sports
sporting activities taht are coached organized and supervised by adults. some studies shows that being involved in sports actually does create positive outcomes
communication disorders
difficulty in producing, using, or understanding speech
behavior management
reward, acceptable behavior, punishment for unacceptable behavior
childhood injuries
12 million children under age 12 seen in emergency rooms every year
lack of exercise
increased TV time and playing video games, lack of opportunities , lack of safe play space.
they enjoy competitive rogh games that involve risk taking
boys

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