child pyschology chpt 10
Terms
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- mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
- problems in expressive language combined with difficulty understanding language.
- children diagnosed with autism today
- 30 out of 1000 children
- attention deficit/hyperactivity(ADHD)
- inability to sustain attention, excessive activity, and low impulse control.
- girls or boys tend to choose physical activity games that involve fine motor skills and less competition
- girls
- one of the most common nutritional problem in US is?
- overweight (obesity in adults)
- the average 7 yr old
- is 49 inches tall and weighs 55 lbs
- average 11 yr old
- 58 inches tall and weighs 80lbs
- social
- teamwork, cooperation, sportsmanship, dealing with defeat
- average boy and girl by 9 the same but by 11
- girls are 1 1/2 inches taller and 8 lbs heavier. boys will be taller and heavier by age 14
- Of all US student are diagnosed w/learning disorders . Those school official estimate is
- 5 % and 20 %
- brain growth and development by age 6
- child brain is 90% of adult size
- risk factors of child sexual abuse
- unhealthy family, marital disruption, individual factors- sociallly isolated children, and early developing.
- main reason of accident for childhood
- because children independence exceeds their ability to make good judgement
- learning disabilities
- difficulty with specific skills, like reading, math, or writing
- characterisitcs of autism
- low IQ, prefer set routine, small number show splinder, skills- usually strong ability to perform cognitive functions
- autism is not inherited but do to
- chromosomal abnormality
- how much percentage of kids have seem parent loose control at a sporting event
- 74
- educating children with exceptional needs
- all children entitled to free and appropriate public school education
- some of the injuries childhood have
- falls, cuts, bike accidents, dog bites
- prevalence rate
- how often a condition occurs
- growth in the cerebral cortex is due to
- growth of blood vessels, increase nmber of glia cells, and continued myelination of axons.
- obesity is a risk factor for?
- heart disease, diabetes, asthma, depression, low self esteem
- low income family
- tend to eat less veggies and fruits, have less oportunities to be active that's why they have higher accurance of being overweight
- the law requires
- that children be educated in "least restricitve environment"
- communication and learning disorders treatment
- children may outgrow some and learn to compensate others, educational support at school helps, and counseling and therapy help self-esteem issues
- how many children age 10-18 participate in some kind of organized sport
- 55 %
- why dont all children participate?
- cost, transportation, potential for injuries, and attitudes of coaches and parents
- up to age 10 what is still growing?
- the cerebral cortex
- stuttering
- repeated same sound, more normal right brain hemisphere activity. gradual onset btw 2 and 7. more males that females.
- autism is 4 times more common in
- boys
- causes of Autism
- strong genetic component, may be some environmental factors, not yet determined
- working out brings?
- emotional benefit
- severe form of autism
- try to teach then basic form skills, but is very hard.
- cause of communication and learning disorders
- strong genetic component-related to abnormalities in brain function (temporal lobe)
- mild form
- individual learn to go to work, hold a job and develop social and language skills
- body mass index (BMI)
- indicator of body fat based on weight and height, above the 95th percentile for child's age and sex. low BMI- need to eat more, high- need to eat less.
- important outcomes from middle school "self motivation"
- getting very involved in activities without being asked to do so.
- phonological disorders
- problems with the articulation or production of language sounds. difficulty in speaking some letter sound, should less normal have temporal lobe
- individualized education plan (IEP)
- required for all children who are identified as needing special services-outlines services needed and goals for instruction
- dut to change in how ASD is diagnosed
- increased rates of identification
- treatment of ADHD
- no cure, but there's medication (ritain, cylert), anti-depressants, behavior management and counseling that can controlled.
- child sexual abuse
- 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 9 boys will experience some form of sexual abuse before age 18
- child sexual abuse occurs
- in all ethnic, geographic and economic groups
- pruning occurs in the
- occipital lobe
- children in the US that have autism is
- about 4 out of every 1000 children
- cognitive and emotional
- self esteem, school success, positive body image, lower level of depression
- pruning occurs in two ways
- programed cell death (genetic instructions) and lack of activities.
- 2 ways a child can inherited ADHD
- defeated genes by parents, and a non defect gene, who's expression is mutate by teratogens
- causes of accidental death in middle childhood
- car accidents, drowning, burns, bike accidents
- what percentage require daily phys ed at school?
- 28 %
- important outcomes from middle school "independence"
- children begin to be able to make good decisions without supervision
- ADHD signs emerge
- before age 7 and persist into adolescence and adulthood, 4 to 6 % of children, and 3 times more boys than girls.
- motor development improve, during the middle childhood
- overall strength improves, balance and flexibility increase, and increasing coordination of skills- putting it all together.
- after age 10
- brain shrinks in some areas, pruning takes places in occipital, parietal and temporal lobes and results in more efficiency in brain functions
- how many children participate in some sport each year?
- 30 million
- what percentage of all child maltreatment is sexual abuse
- 10 %
- treatment of Autism
- depends on severity- focus on teaching various self help, social and language skills
- Autism Spectrum disorders
- a group of serious development disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, range in severity from mild (Asperger syndrome) to severe (Autism)
- expressive language
- problems using words to communicate thoughts, desires, and feelings.
- children when exercise tend to
- feel better about themselves, have higher self-esteem, and have fewer negative moods.
- the cause of ADHD
- research points to genetics- problems in frontal lobes (attention, self-control) and lead exposure and alcohol/tobacco exposure before birth.
- physical
- strenght, balance, coordination, flexibility
- benefits from organized sports
- physical, social and cognitive and emotional.
- what percentage of kids wear hemelts?
- 25 %
- comorbidity
- having more than one disorder
- children with exceptional needs
- 1 in 5 children suffer serious development, emotional or behavioral problem
- social interaction and communication of autism
- avoid eye contact, show little emotion to family members, and dont usually form friendship.
- IEP addresses
- how those the disability affect the child ability to learn, and how well the IEP provide for progress for educational goals
- during middle childhood year the gross-motor and fine- motor skills become...
- more controlled and coordinated
- organized sports
- sporting activities taht are coached organized and supervised by adults. some studies shows that being involved in sports actually does create positive outcomes
- communication disorders
- difficulty in producing, using, or understanding speech
- behavior management
- reward, acceptable behavior, punishment for unacceptable behavior
- childhood injuries
- 12 million children under age 12 seen in emergency rooms every year
- lack of exercise
- increased TV time and playing video games, lack of opportunities , lack of safe play space.
- they enjoy competitive rogh games that involve risk taking
- boys