Biology Chapter One
Terms
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- Unicellular
- organisms made up of one cell
- Stage
- a platform that supports a slide holding the specimen
- Gene
- a short segementof DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism
- Reproduction
- all organisms profuse new organisms like themselves
- Organization
- is the high degree of order within an organisms internal and external parts aand in its interactions with the living world
- Prediction
- a statement that forecasts what would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis were true
- Kingdoms
- groups organisms of all life into six major categories
- Base Units
- one of the fundemental units of measurement that describes length, mass, time and other quiantites and from which other unis are derived
- eyepiece(ocular lense)
- magnifies the image, usually 10 times
- Experiment
- used to test a hypothesis and its predictions
- Homeostasis
- the maintenance of a stabel level of internal conditions even though the environmental conditions are constantly changing
- Resolution
- the power to show details clearly in an image
- Scientific Method
- organized approach characterizing science
- Cell
- the smallest unit that can perform all life's processes
- multicellular
- organisms made up of multiple cells
- Compoudn Light Microscope
- a microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image
- Peer Review
- the process in which experts in a given field examine the results and conclusions of a scientist's study before that study is accepted for publication
- Scanning Electron Microscope
- a microscope that produces an enlarged, three dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light
- Control Group
- provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group
- Metric Systema
- a decimal-based standard of measurement that is used by scientists
- Transmission Electron Microscope
- a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen and that can magnify up to 200,000 times
- Metabolism
- the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and tranform energy and materials from the environment
- Theory
- an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning
- Domain
- major subdivions of all organisms
- Observation
- the act of percieivng a natural occurance that causessomeone to pose a question
- Magnification
- the increase of an objects apparent size
- Ecology
- the branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment
- Organelles
- are tiny structures that carry out untions necessary for the cell to stay alive
- Biological molecules
- chemical compounds that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions
- Adaptations
- traits that improve an individuals ability to sruvive and reproduce
- Development
- process by which an organism becomes a mature adult
- Independent Variable
- the variable that the experimenter manipulates
- Evolution
- descent with modification
- nosepiece
- the structure that holds the set of objective lens
- Experimental Group
- identical to the control group except for one factor, the independent variable
- Biology
- study of life
- Organs
- structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system
- Ecosystems
- are communities of living species and their physical environments
- Division
- the formation of two new cells from an existing cell
- Objective Lens
- Light passes through the specimen adn thn through the objective lens which is located directly above the specimen
- Tissues
- are groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function
- Natural Selection
- theory that says organismsthat have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits
- Dependent Variable
- is affected by the independent variable, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more factors
- Light Source
- a light bulb that provides light for viewing the image
- hypothesis
- a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions