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blue spruce
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subalpine Fir
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Ginkgo
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Balsam Fir
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White Fir
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Grand Fir
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Tamarack (Eastern Larch)
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Western Larch
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Engelmann Spruce
Symbol: PIEN Group: Gymnosperm Family: Pinaceae Duration: Perennial Growth Habit: Tree Native Status: L48 N CAN N
White Spruce
White spruce is a medium-sized conifer found in northeastern United States and throughout Canada. It is the state tree of South Dakota. White spruce has a cone-shaped crown, and when grown in the open develops a conical crown which extends nearly to the ground. This habit along with the spreading branches give it a nice appearance for use as an ornamental. Trees often reach 80-140 feet in height and 1.5 to 3 feet in diameter. The oldest white spruce may reach 300 years of age.
Black Spruce
Branches short, compact, and drooping with upturned tips. A poor self-pruner, keeping dead branches for several years
Red Spruce
Red spruce is found on the summits and upper slopes of a few of our highest mountains. It grows on well-drained but moist (and usually rocky) soil, at elevations of 4,000 to 6,700 feet. Above 5,000 feet, it naturally combines with the Fraser fir to form dense forests.
Sitka Spruce
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), known also as tideland spruce, coast spruce, and yellow spruce, is the largest of the world's spruces and is one of the most prominent forest trees in stands along the northwest coast of North America. This coastal species is seldom found far from tidewater, where moist maritime air and summer fogs help to maintain humid conditions necessary for growth. Throughout most of its range from northern California to Alaska, Sitka spruce is associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) in dense stands where growth rates are among the highest in North America. It is a valuable commercial timber species for lumber, pulp, and many special uses (15,16).
Billbergia
Genus of about 60 species of rosette-forming, rhizomatous or suckering, evergreen, mainly epiphytic perennials from scrub, woodland, and forest, in S. Mexico, Central America, and N., E., and C. South America. Billbergia is the easiest Bromeliad to grow - young plants flower quite readily. Billbergia can withstand winter temperatures as low as 35-40 F.
Citrus limon
Origin of all Citrus species is unclear because of their ancient cultivation; C. limon is thought native in Central Asia, possibly Iran.
Cleyera
Genus of about 18 evergreen trees and shrubs that are mostly native to Mexico and Central America; one species is from eastern Asia. Cleyera japonica var. Tricolor is a tender, slow-growing, dense shrub that can eventually grow up to 10 feet high. This plant produces glossy, dark green leaves whose cream edges are tinged with dark rose when new. Cleyera is slow growing and it can be kept compact by occasionally removing the shoot tips. Small white flowers may appear as a bonus.C. Japonica grows about 2 ft. tall.
Corokia
Genus of 3 species of evergreen shrubs occuring in forest and rocky areas in New Zealand. They grow from 8 to 12 feet high and produce small, star-shaped yellow flowers, which are followed by pretty orange or red, berry-like fruits. C. cotoneaster is an interesting small to medium-sized shrub with thin, wiry stems meagerly covered with dark gray, spoon shaped leaves. Small, fragrant, golden yellow flowers are borne in late spring; these are followed by red fruits. Corokia virgata is a medium-sized shrub covered with glossy green leaves that are white underneath. In mid-spring, an abundance of yellow flowers, followed by vivid orange fruits, are produced.
Gardenia
Genus of about 200 species of evergreen trees and shrubs from open woodland or savanna in tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Gardenia has very exacting growth requirements and numerous problems develop because of an unfavorable environment. Grow Gardenia in sun during the winter and partial shade in summer. Use an acid soil with a pH between 5 and 6. Keep the soil moist and use an acidifying fertilizer twice monthly from mid-winter to early autumn. Proper temperatures are necessary to force Gardenia into bloom. No flower buds set at night temperatures above 65 F. Keep small plants growing by providing night temperatures above 65 F. A night temperature above 65 F causes drop of flowers buds already formed. Ideal forcing temperatures are 65 to 70 F during the day and 60 to 62 F at night. The flowering response requires 14 hour nights. The plants require high humidity. Repot Gardenia in late winter or early spring. The flower buds drop due to low humidity or a sudden environmental change. Flower buds fail to form if day temperatures are higher than 70 F or night temperatures are less than 60 F. High soil pH causes chlorosis and lack of flower bud formation. Leaf drop, possibly delayed, can be caused by cold drafts, improper watering, excessive fertilization, or several consecutive dark cloudy days.
Jacobinia
Syn. Beloperone, Drejerella, Duvernoia, Libonia, Justicia Genus of about 420 species of evergreen perennials, shrubs and subshrubs from tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and from temperate North America. The opposite, usually simple leaves are ovate to elliptic and often boldly veined. Upright, shrubby plants with feather-like, long-lasting flowers in yellow, orange (J. pauciflora), white or pink (J. obtusior). Use as a potted plant (flowers year-'round with proper care) or as an annual in the landscape. Jacobinia can reach 4 ft or more, but old plants are unattractive. Cut plants back after flowering - during winter keep the pot in a well-lit, fairly warm spot. Pinch twice. Growth regulator recommended two weeks after each pinch to maintain compactness.
Myrtus (Myrtle)
Genus of 2 species of upright or rounded, evergreen trees and shrubs from scrub, woodland, and woodland margins in the Mediterranean region, N. Africa, S. America, and the Falkland Islands. An excellent cut flower, Myrtus was held sacred to the Goddess of Love in ancient times. Aromatic, finely textured, deep green glossy leaves contrast with the fragrant white flowers. Berries are purplish-black. Heat loving. All withstand sea breezes. Tolerate a wide range of soils. The shrub will grow about 2 ft tall or more if left untrimmed and can be stood outdoors during the summer months

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