Science Chapter 2
Terms
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- organelle
- structure in the cytoplasm of a eukoryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances
- endoplasmic reticulum
- cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; can be rough (with attached ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes)
- mitochondrion
- cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy
- cell membrane
- protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment
- cell wall
- rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria
- cytoplasm
- constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains hereditary material and is the location of most of a cell's life processes
- virus
- a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating
- chloroplast
- green, chlorophyll-containing, plant-cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water
- cell theory
- states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells
- tissue
- group of similar cells that work together to do one job
- nucleus
- organelle that controls all the activites of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA
- host cell
- living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli
- organ
- structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together
- Golgi bodies
- organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell
- ribosome
- small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins