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CHAPTER 7 Pathology Relating to the Respiratory System

Terms

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cor pulmonale
hypertropy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of chronic lung disease.
pulmonary edema
condition in which the lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid. Results in labored breathing.
silicosis
a type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica.
pneumonia
inflammatory condtion of the lung that can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals. Results in the filling fo the alveoli and air spaces with fluid.
bronchiectasis
Results from a dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi, and can be the result of infection.
diphtheria
Bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate.
pleural effusion
abnormal presence of sluid in the pleural cavity.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
attacks of shortness of breath (SOB) that only occur at night and awaken the patient
bronchogenic carcinoma
Malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi.
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tacycardia, and hypoxemia
pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity which may result in collapse of the lung.
diaphragmatocele
Hernia in which the stomach protrudes through a hole in the diaphragm and put pressure on the organs within the thoracic cavity. Also known as hiatal hernia.
croup
Acute respiratory condition found in finfants and children that is characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor.
pertussis
Commonly called whooping cough, due to the whoop sound made when coughing. An infectious disease that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots.
histoplasmosis
pulmonary infection caused by a fungus in dust in the droppings of pigeons and chickens.
asthma
disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respirations.
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant.
cystic fibrosis
Hereditary condition that causes the exocrine glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system.
pulmonary embolism
blood clot or air bubble in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches.
empyema
pus within the pleural space, usually associated with an infection.
pharyngitis
Inflammation of the mucus membran of the pharynx; usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection; commonly called a sore throat.
influenza
viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue.
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible conditon in which the lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).
anthracosis
A type of pneumoconisosis that develops from collection of coal dust in the lungs.
Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea. Seen in persons with weakened immune systems.
emphysema
pulmonary condition characterized by the destructin of the walls of the alveoli resulting in a large, overexpanded air sac.
Legionnaire's disease
Severe, often fatal disease characterized by pneumonia and gastrointestinal symptoms.
pneumoconiosis
Conditon that is thre result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic. Can be the result of inhaling coal dust.
rhinorrhea
watery discharge from the nose, especially with allergies or a cold.
atelectasis
condition in which the alveoli in a portion on the lung collapse, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of the system.

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