CHAPTER 7 Pathology Relating to the Respiratory System
Terms
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- cor pulmonale
- hypertropy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of chronic lung disease.
- pulmonary edema
- condition in which the lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid. Results in labored breathing.
- silicosis
- a type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica.
- pneumonia
- inflammatory condtion of the lung that can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals. Results in the filling fo the alveoli and air spaces with fluid.
- bronchiectasis
- Results from a dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi, and can be the result of infection.
- diphtheria
- Bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate.
- pleural effusion
- abnormal presence of sluid in the pleural cavity.
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
- attacks of shortness of breath (SOB) that only occur at night and awaken the patient
- bronchogenic carcinoma
- Malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi.
- adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tacycardia, and hypoxemia
- pneumothorax
- collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity which may result in collapse of the lung.
- diaphragmatocele
- Hernia in which the stomach protrudes through a hole in the diaphragm and put pressure on the organs within the thoracic cavity. Also known as hiatal hernia.
- croup
- Acute respiratory condition found in finfants and children that is characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor.
- pertussis
- Commonly called whooping cough, due to the whoop sound made when coughing. An infectious disease that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots.
- histoplasmosis
- pulmonary infection caused by a fungus in dust in the droppings of pigeons and chickens.
- asthma
- disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respirations.
- sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant.
- cystic fibrosis
- Hereditary condition that causes the exocrine glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system.
- pulmonary embolism
- blood clot or air bubble in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches.
- empyema
- pus within the pleural space, usually associated with an infection.
- pharyngitis
- Inflammation of the mucus membran of the pharynx; usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection; commonly called a sore throat.
- influenza
- viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue.
- pleurisy
- inflammation of the pleura
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible conditon in which the lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation).
- anthracosis
- A type of pneumoconisosis that develops from collection of coal dust in the lungs.
- Pneumocystis carinii
- pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea. Seen in persons with weakened immune systems.
- emphysema
- pulmonary condition characterized by the destructin of the walls of the alveoli resulting in a large, overexpanded air sac.
- Legionnaire's disease
- Severe, often fatal disease characterized by pneumonia and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- pneumoconiosis
- Conditon that is thre result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic. Can be the result of inhaling coal dust.
- rhinorrhea
- watery discharge from the nose, especially with allergies or a cold.
- atelectasis
- condition in which the alveoli in a portion on the lung collapse, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- tuberculosis
- Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of the system.