CNCO 6356.01 Ch. 3
Terms
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- teratogen
- refers to any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.
- fetal alcohol effects (FAE)
- seen in children of mothers who generally drank alcohol in smaller quantities--affected individuals display only some of these abnormalities.
- embryo
- the period between week 3 and week 8 from conception where the most rapid prenatal changes take place as the groundwork is laid for all body structures and internal organs.
- non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
- the body is almost motionless, and heart rate, breathing, and brain-wave activity are slow and even.
- age of viability
- The point at which the fetus can first survive occurs sometime between 22 and 26 weeks.
- umbilical cord
- the placenta is connected to the developing organism by the umbilical cord, which first appears as a tiny stalk and eventually grows to a length of one to three feet.
- natural or prepared childbirth
- a group of techniques aimed at reducing pain and medical intervention and making childbirth as rewarding an experience as possible.
- fetus
- the period from the ninth week to the end of pregnancy, is the longest prenatal period. During this "growth and finishing" phrase, the organism increases rapidly in size.
- placenta
- By bringing the embryo's and mother's blood close together, the placenta permits food and oxygen to reach the organism and waste products to be carried away.
- cesarean delivery
- a surgical birth; the doctor makes an incision in the mother's abdomen and lifts the baby out of the uterus.
- trimesters
- prenatal development is sometimes divided into trimesters, or three equal time periods.
- Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
- evaluates the newborn's reflexes, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli, and other reactions.
- amnion
- The membrane that encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid and helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant and provides a cushion against any jolts caused by the woman's movement.
- Rh factor incompatibility
- When the mother is Rh-negative (lacks the Rh blood protein) and the father is Rh-positive (has the protein), the baby may inherit the father's Rh -positive blood type. If even a little of a fetus's Rh-positive blood crosses the placenta into the Rh-negative mother's bloodstream, she begins to form antibodies to the foreign Rh protein. If these enter the fetus's system, they destroy red blood cells, reducing the oxygen sypply to organs and tissues.
- Apgar Scale
- To assess the newborn's physical condition quickly, doctors and nurses use this scale.
- lanugo
- white, downy hair appears over the entire body, helping the vernix stick to the skin.
- sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- the unexpected death, usually during the night, of an infant under 1 year of age that remains unexplained after thorough investigation.
- reflex
- an inborn, automatic response to a particular from of stimulation.
- implantation
- when the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining.
- anoxia
- inadequate oxygen supply during labor and delivery
- infant mortality
- an index used around the world to assess the overall health of a nation's children. It refers to the number of deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 live births.
- vernix
- a white, cheese-like substance that protects the embryo's skin during the long months spent bathing in the amniotic fluid.
- breech positon
- when the newborn is turned so that buttocks or feet would be delivered first.
- rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep
- brain-wave activity is remarkably similar to that of the waking state. The eyes dart beneath the lids; heart rate, blood pressure and breathing are uneven, and slight body movement occur.
- fetal monitors
- electronic instruments that track the baby's heart rate during labor.
- neural tube
- During the period of the embryo when the ectoderm folds over to form a neural tube.
- fetal alcohol syndrome ( FAS)
- Mental retardation; impaired motor coordination, attention, memory, and language, and overactivity are typical of children with the disorder. Distinct physical symptoms also accompany FAS, including slow physical growth and a particular pattern of facial abnormalities: widely spaced eyes, short eyelid openings, a small upturned nose, a thin upper lip, and small head, indicating that the brain has not developed fully.
- states of arousal
- degrees of sleep and wakefulness
- chorion
- by the end of the second week of conception the ___________ surrounds the amnion as another protective membrane.
- small-for-date
- babies are below their expected weight considering length of the pregnancy.
- visual acuity
- vision is the least developed of the newborn baby's senses and ___________ _____________ or fineness of discrimination is limited.