AP Bio Chapter 14 - vocab
(same as chapter 13 - vocab) for sub-scripts, just insert the number after the letter, don't make it a sub-script
Terms
undefined, object
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- character
- a _______ is a heritable feature, such as flower color, that varies among individuals
- trait
- each variant for a character, such as purple or white flower color, is called a _____
- true-breeding
- all the offspring are the same variety
- hybridization
- Mendle cross-pollinated two contrasting, true-breeding pea varieties, know as _________
- P generation; F1 generation
- the true-breeding parents are referred to as the _ ____________, and their hybrid offspring are the __ ___________
- F2 generation
- allowing F1 hybrids to self-pollinate would produce the __ _____________
- alleles
- alternative versions of a gene are called _______
- dominant allele; recessive allele
- if two alleles at a locus differ, then one, the ________ ________ determines the organism's appearance; the other, the _______ _____, has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
- law of segregation
- the two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes (what law is this?)
- homozygous
- an organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character is said to be _________ for the gene controlling that character
- heterozygous
- an organism that has two different alleles for a gene is said to be _________ for that gene
- phenotype; genotype
- an organism's traits are its _________, and its genetic makeup is its _________
- testcross
- the breeding of a recessive homozygote with an organism is dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is called a _________
- monohybrids
- all the F1 progeny produced in crosses of true-breeding parents were _________, meaning that they were heterozygous for one character
- law of independent assortment
- each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation (what law is this?)
- complete dominance
- in Mendle's F1 pea plant crosses, the F1 plants always looked like on of the two parental varieties because of the _______ _________ of one allele over another
- codominance
- the two alleles both affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways
- Tay-Sachs disease
- the brain cells of a baby are unable to metabolize certain lipids because a crucial enzyme doesn't work properly. As lipids accumulate in the brain cells, an infant begins to suffer seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance (what disease is this?)
- pleiotrophy
- most genes have multiple phenotypic effects, a property called _______
- epistasis
- in ________, a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
- norm of reaction
- a genotype generatlly isn't associated with a rigidly defined phenotype, but rather with a range of phenotypic possibilities due to environmental influences. this is called the _____ ____ ________ for a genotype
- multifactorial
- geneticists refer to characters such as skin color as ________, meaning that many factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype
- amniocentesis
- a physician inserts a needle into the uterus and extracts about 10 mL of amniotic fluid, the liquid that bathes the fetus
- chorionic villus samplin
- a physician inserts a narrow tube through the cervix into the uterus and suctions out a tiny sample of tissue from the placenta (hint: CVS)