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Science Exam 2

Terms

undefined, object
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the atomic number
the number of protons in the cell
evaporation
when water turns into a gas once it has been heated and rises from the earth into clouds
food chain
a sequence in which energy is transfered from one organism to another
metalloids
an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals; a hybrid
ductile
can be pulled into a wire
experiment
the test of a hypothesis and the collection of data
Deductive reasoning
taking a lot of information and creating on idea
independent variable
The variable that is manipulated during an experiment and is controlled by the experimenter
convection
the transfer of energy in a gas or liquid by means of the currents within
ozone layer
90% of ozone that is found in the stratosphere
II. materials
the part in the lab report that contains the items necessary to complete the experiment and safety concerns and precautions; is in a bulleted list of column form
III. procedure
the part the the lab report that contains a detailed list of the procedure; it identifies the groups (experimental and control) and variables (independent and dependent variable); formatted in numbered sentences
nitrogen cycle
the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
ozone event
when tropospheric ozone makes it unhealthy (in varying degrees) to go outside
IV. Conclusion
the section is a lab report where you determine if your hypothesis is supported by the data
chemical symbol
a symbol for an element on the periodic table
law of conservation of matter
the idea that matter is neither created nor destroyed in only changes form
Montreal protocol
an agreement that says countries will not produce CFC's
omnivore
an organism that eats both plants and meat
ions
atoms with a charge either positive of negative
brownian motion
the measure of how much molecules move
mixture
when you have two things together that are not chemically combined
why hot air rises
because it is less dense then cold air
experimental group
group with treatment; testing to independent variable or hypothesis
herbivore
an organism that eats only plants
cloud seeding
man-made precipitation that occurs when humans fill clouds with iodine particles
heat
the total energy of the random movement of molecules of a substance/object
six months old
how old your current event for science can be
product
the chemical compounds on the left of an arrow pointing right
Error
problem with an experiment
atomic mass
the number of protons and neutron in the cell combined
thermosphere
the layer of the atmosphere that contains single atoms, space shuttles that orbit; temperature increases as you go up
celsius/fahrenheit/kelvin
different ways of measuring temperature
nonmetals
an element that is brittle and does not conduct electricity well
scientific method
thinking process that scientist use to solve problems or answer questions
element
a material consisting of only one type of atom
atomic theory of matter
1) all elements of made up of atoms which are "indivisible" particles 2) atoms that are made up of the same element are exactly alike 3) atoms of different elements have different properties 4) atoms are not changed by chemical reactions 5) compound are formed when elements combine 6) compounds are defined by the number, type, and proportion of atoms
title
the part in a lab report that names the topic in a descriptive and specific way; it is centered on the top of the page
aquifer
an underground place where water is stored
lab report
process to document scientific method which can be shared or replicated to otheres
trophic level
each step in the transfer of energy in an ecosystem
greenhouse gasses
gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect; absorb and radiate heat
I. introduction
the part in a lab report that contains the background information, purpose of the experiment, and hypothesis to be tested; it is in full sentences and paragraph form
inductive reasoning
taking an idea and applying it to other situations
reactant
the chemical compounds on the right of an arrow pointing right
organic forms of compounds
compounds that can be used on earth
temperature
the measure of heat
hypothesis
the making of an educated prediction that solves a problem or answers a question
Biotic factors
the living components of an ecosystem
cellular respiration
the process of breaking down food to yield energy
ultraviolet radiation
harmful radiation that is absorbed/deflected by the ozone layer
subscript
the number of atoms of one element
Human error
a mistake a human made while following the procedure
groups
columns (I-VII) on the periodic table
chloroplast
place in the cell where photosynthesis takes place
atmosphere
the layer of air and gasses that surround the earth
brittle
breakable, shatters
mesosphere
the layer of the atmosphere that contains shooting stars and meteors; the temperature decreases as you go up
transpiration
the evaporation of water from plants
1st law of thermodynamics
energy is conserved
radiation
the travel of energy in waves or rays
electron
a subatomic particle with a negative charge
metals
an element that is ductile, malleable, and conducts electricity well
mitochondria
place in the cell where cellular respiration takes place
precipitation
rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls back to earth after it has gotten heavy enough in its condensed form that gravity pulls it back to earth
water cycle
the continuous cycle of the transfer of water through an ecosystem, which involves evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation
compound
two or more atoms that are chemically combined
IV. data
the part in the lab report that contains the raw data collected in a table
conductors
substances that transfer heat energy easily
carnivore
an organism that eats only meat
absolute zero
the coldest temperature their can be, zero kelvin, contains no brownian motion
Niche
the animals relationship and interaction within its environment
matter
what everything is made out of
sustainable
able to survive on its own
inorganic forms of compounds
compounds that cannot be used on earth
Dependent variable
the variable that changes in response to the independent variable and that is measured by the experimenter(results of the experiment)
particulate matter
pieces of "stuff" in the atmosphere
to control
creating only one independent variable in order to minimize the risk of experimental error
qualitative
word descriptions
ozone hole
a very thin section in the ozone layer over Antarctica where UV rays can get through and cause damage to human heath and vegitation
troposphere
the layer of the atmosphere that contains life and weather; the temperature decreases as you go up
smog
ground level ozone
V. analysis
the part of the lab report that contains a graph of the data and can include a full sentences in paragraph form
physical change
the state of matter changes but the chemical structure does not
environmental issues
global warming, deforestation, urbanization, burning of fossil fuels, pollution, emissions, animal extinction
data table
raw data that is organized in a table
neutrons
a subatomic particle with a neutral charge
tropopause
the transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere
periods
rows (1-7) on the periodic table
food pyramid-10% rule
in a food pyramid only 10% of the energy is transfered from one level to the next
stratopause
the transition between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
chlorofluorocarbons
man-made chemical substance that depletes the ozone layer
mesopause
the transition between the mesosphere and the thermosphere
stratospheric ozone
good ozone that keeps out ultraviolet radiation
tropospheric ozone
ozone that s hazardous to human heath and vegetation; 10% of ozone
variable
something that changes
periodic table
the table of elements
3rd law of thermodynamics
zero kelvin=absolute zero=no brownian motion
protons
a subatomic particle with a positive charge
producer
an organism that makes its own food
habitat
the physical environment in which and organism lives
malleable
can be flattened
states of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
nucleus
where the protons and neutrons are found in an atom
consumer
an organism that gets its energy by eating other animals
Abiotic factors
the nonliving components of an ecosystem
photosynthesis
the process of converting sunlight to energy by absorbing sunlight that triggers a chemical reactions which uses the sunlight along with water and carbon dioxide to create sugar
observation
the process of observing the experiment; gaining background knowledge on the topic of an experiment in order to identify a problem of question
insulators
substances that do not easily transfer heat energy
carbon cycle
the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
Ecosystem
all the different biotic and abiotic factors in a certain area, along with the physical enviorment
quantitative
numeral descriptions
conduction
the transfer of energy between the particles of matter (typically a solid)
Control group
group with out treatment; original group; the group all other things are compared to
coefficient
the number in front of the chemical compound; does not have to be there
stratosphere
the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature increases as you go up
atom
the smallest particles of matter
experimental error
a flaw in the design of the procedure
exosphere
there the atmosphere turns into space; temperature decreases as you go up
chemical change
the chemical structure changes from the reaction to the product

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