Science
Lots of defintions
Terms
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- 3rd law of thermodynamics
- zero kelvin=absolute zero=no brownian motion
- product
- the chemical compounds on the left of an arrow pointing right
- Ecosystem
- all the different biotic and abiotic factors in a certain area, along with the physical enviorment
- evaporation
- when water turns into a gas once it has been heated and rises from the earth into clouds
- data table
- raw data that is organized in a table
- mesopause
- the transition between the mesosphere and the thermosphere
- troposphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains life and weather; the temperature decreases as you go up
- exosphere
- there the atmosphere turns into space; temperature decreases as you go up
- water cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of water through an ecosystem, which involves evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation
- 1st law of thermodynamics
- energy is conserved
- food chain
- a sequence in which energy is transfered from one organism to another
- nitrogen cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
- neutrons
- a subatomic particle with a neutral charge
- atmosphere
- the layer of air and gasses that surround the earth
- Control group
- group with out treatment; original group; the group all other things are compared to
- experimental group
- group with treatment; testing to independent variable or hypothesis
- greenhouse gasses
- gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect; absorb and radiate heat
- six months old
- how old your current event for science can be
- metalloids
- an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals; a hybrid
- tropopause
- the transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere
- atomic theory of matter
- 1) all elements of made up of atoms which are "indivisible" particles 2) atoms that are made up of the same element are exactly alike 3) atoms of different elements have different properties 4) atoms are not changed by chemical reactions 5) compound are formed when elements combine 6) compounds are defined by the number, type, and proportion of atoms
- absolute zero
- the coldest temperature their can be, zero kelvin, contains no brownian motion
- conductors
- substances that transfer heat energy easily
- ultraviolet radiation
- harmful radiation that is absorbed/deflected by the ozone layer
- heat
- the total energy of the random movement of molecules of a substance/object
- V. analysis
- the part of the lab report that contains a graph of the data and can include a full sentences in paragraph form
- chlorofluorocarbons
- man-made chemical substance that depletes the ozone layer
- radiation
- the travel of energy in waves or rays
- nucleus
- where the protons and neutrons are found in an atom
- IV. Conclusion
- the section is a lab report where you determine if your hypothesis is supported by the data
- trophic level
- each step in the transfer of energy in an ecosystem
- matter
- what everything is made out of
- producer
- an organism that makes its own food
- groups
- columns (I-VII) on the periodic table
- stratopause
- the transition between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
- variable
- something that changes
- Abiotic factors
- the nonliving components of an ecosystem
- inductive reasoning
- taking an idea and applying it to other situations
- lab report
- process to document scientific method which can be shared or replicated to otheres
- coefficient
- the number in front of the chemical compound; does not have to be there
- mixture
- when you have two things together that are not chemically combined
- thermosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains single atoms, space shuttles that orbit; temperature increases as you go up
- element
- a material consisting of only one type of atom
- independent variable
- The variable that is manipulated during an experiment and is controlled by the experimenter
- ozone event
- when tropospheric ozone makes it unhealthy (in varying degrees) to go outside
- periods
- rows (1-7) on the periodic table
- scientific method
- thinking process that scientist use to solve problems or answer questions
- title
- the part in a lab report that names the topic in a descriptive and specific way; it is centered on the top of the page
- stratosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature increases as you go up
- chloroplast
- place in the cell where photosynthesis takes place
- ductile
- can be pulled into a wire
- Niche
- the animals relationship and interaction within its environment
- sustainable
- able to survive on its own
- ozone layer
- 90% of ozone that is found in the stratosphere
- experimental error
- a flaw in the design of the procedure
- smog
- ground level ozone
- carbon cycle
- the continuous cycle of the transfer of carbon through the atmosphere
- periodic table
- the table of elements
- Human error
- a mistake a human made while following the procedure
- why hot air rises
- because it is less dense then cold air
- photosynthesis
- the process of converting sunlight to energy by absorbing sunlight that triggers a chemical reactions which uses the sunlight along with water and carbon dioxide to create sugar
- cellular respiration
- the process of breaking down food to yield energy
- law of conservation of matter
- the idea that matter is neither created nor destroyed in only changes form
- chemical symbol
- a symbol for an element on the periodic table
- nonmetals
- an element that is brittle and does not conduct electricity well
- carnivore
- an organism that eats only meat
- aquifer
- an underground place where water is stored
- Biotic factors
- the living components of an ecosystem
- mesosphere
- the layer of the atmosphere that contains shooting stars and meteors; the temperature decreases as you go up
- stratospheric ozone
- good ozone that keeps out ultraviolet radiation
- herbivore
- an organism that eats only plants
- habitat
- the physical environment in which and organism lives
- omnivore
- an organism that eats both plants and meat
- convection
- the transfer of energy in a gas or liquid by means of the currents within
- atomic mass
- the number of protons and neutron in the cell combined
- chemical change
- the chemical structure changes from the reaction to the product
- compound
- two or more atoms that are chemically combined
- experiment
- the test of a hypothesis and the collection of data
- consumer
- an organism that gets its energy by eating other animals
- Deductive reasoning
- taking a lot of information and creating on idea
- I. introduction
- the part in a lab report that contains the background information, purpose of the experiment, and hypothesis to be tested; it is in full sentences and paragraph form
- cloud seeding
- man-made precipitation that occurs when humans fill clouds with iodine particles
- IV. data
- the part in the lab report that contains the raw data collected in a table
- qualitative
- word descriptions
- conduction
- the transfer of energy between the particles of matter (typically a solid)
- tropospheric ozone
- ozone that s hazardous to human heath and vegetation; 10% of ozone
- Dependent variable
- the variable that changes in response to the independent variable and that is measured by the experimenter(results of the experiment)
- states of matter
- solid, liquid, gas, plasma
- hypothesis
- the making of an educated prediction that solves a problem or answers a question
- food pyramid-10% rule
- in a food pyramid only 10% of the energy is transfered from one level to the next
- brittle
- breakable, shatters
- protons
- a subatomic particle with a positive charge
- inorganic forms of compounds
- compounds that cannot be used on earth
- quantitative
- numeral descriptions
- II. materials
- the part in the lab report that contains the items necessary to complete the experiment and safety concerns and precautions; is in a bulleted list of column form
- insulators
- substances that do not easily transfer heat energy
- particulate matter
- pieces of "stuff" in the atmosphere
- atom
- the smallest particles of matter
- environmental issues
- global warming, deforestation, urbanization, burning of fossil fuels, pollution, emissions, animal extinction
- Error
- problem with an experiment
- to control
- creating only one independent variable in order to minimize the risk of experimental error
- transpiration
- the evaporation of water from plants
- precipitation
- rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls back to earth after it has gotten heavy enough in its condensed form that gravity pulls it back to earth
- metals
- an element that is ductile, malleable, and conducts electricity well
- ions
- atoms with a charge either positive of negative
- brownian motion
- the measure of how much molecules move
- Montreal protocol
- an agreement that says countries will not produce CFC's
- the atomic number
- the number of protons in the cell
- subscript
- the number of atoms of one element
- physical change
- the state of matter changes but the chemical structure does not
- observation
- the process of observing the experiment; gaining background knowledge on the topic of an experiment in order to identify a problem of question
- mitochondria
- place in the cell where cellular respiration takes place
- malleable
- can be flattened
- ozone hole
- a very thin section in the ozone layer over Antarctica where UV rays can get through and cause damage to human heath and vegitation
- celsius/fahrenheit/kelvin
- different ways of measuring temperature
- III. procedure
- the part the the lab report that contains a detailed list of the procedure; it identifies the groups (experimental and control) and variables (independent and dependent variable); formatted in numbered sentences
- electron
- a subatomic particle with a negative charge
- temperature
- the measure of heat
- organic forms of compounds
- compounds that can be used on earth
- reactant
- the chemical compounds on the right of an arrow pointing right