Chapter 1: Converging Cultures
Terms
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- Juan Ponce de Leon
- Spanish governor of Puerto Rico, sailed north in search of the Fountian of Youth, and discovered Florida
- Wigwams
- either conical or dome-shaped houses, made by bent poles covered with hide or bark
- Vasco de Balboa
- the first European to reach the Pacific coast in 1513
- Iroquois League
- an alliance between the nations in western New York founded by Dekanawidah and Hiawatha to avoid war between eachother
- Algonquian
- language group in the Northeastern tribes, lived in today New England near the Delaware River.
- Caravel
- sailing shop capable of long-distance exploration and needed little water to sail
- Iroquois
- language group in the Northeastern tribes, lived near the Hudson River, lived in longhouses, women occupied power
- Astrolabe
- device used to determine direction, latitude and local time. invented by the ancient Greeks, but acquired by the English from the Arabs
- Amerigo Vespucci
- an Italian sailing for Spain explored the coast of South America and later sailing for Portugal in 1501, determined that the land mass could not be Asia
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- Portugal and Spain's differences resolved through this, moving the line of demarcation 1000 miles to the west. it confirmed Portugal's right to control the route around Africa to India, and Spain's claim to the mew lands of America
- Slash and Burn agriculture
- the cutting down of forest, burning the cleared land for nitrogen-rich ashes to make very fertile soil for growing crops
- Henry the Navigator
- Prince Henry of Portugal set up a center for astronomical and geographical studies in 1419.
- Feudalism
- a political system in which powerful leaders gave land to nobles in exchange for pledges of loyalty and service
- Longhouses
- large rectangular houses with barrel-shaped roofs covered with bark, the whole family would live together in one
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Portuguese mariner working for spain, discovered the strait at the southernmost tip of South America, named the Pacific ocean, made it to the Philippine Islands where he died.
- Christopher Columbus
- Italian navigator supported by Spain to travel across the Atlantic Ocean in quest to reach the Indies but landed in the Bahamas instead, and settled in Hispaniola
- Great Binding Law
- a constitution that defined how the Iroquois League worked
- Line of Demarcation
- north-south line of longitude through the Atlantic Ocean dividing lands in the Americas claimed by Spain and Portugal
- Serf
- a person bound to a manor and can not leave it without permission
- Columbian Exchange
- series of complex societal and environmental interactions between Europe and the Americas begun with Columbus's first voyage
- Manorial System
- economic system in which peasants provide services to a feudal lord in exchange for protection
- Lateen sails
- triangle-shaped sails used by the Arabs to sail against winds