APES Ch 22 Waste Management
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- composting
- the conservation of organic waste into mulch or humus through the natural biological processes of decomposition
- deep-well injection
- a hazardous waste disposal method in which a well is drilled deep beneath an area's water table into porous rock below an impervious soil layer. wastes are then injected into the well, so that they will be absorbed into the porous rock and remain deep underground, isolated from groundwater and human contact
- hazardous waste
- solid or liquid waste that is toxic, chemically reactive, flammable, or corrosive
- incineration
- a controlled process of burning in which mixed garbage is combusted at very high temperatures
- industrial ecology
- A holistic approach to industry that intergrates principles form engineering, chemistry, ecology, economics, and other disciplines and seeks to redesign industrial systems in order to reduce source inputs and minimize inefficiency
- industrial solid waste
- waste from the production of consumer goods, mining, agriculture, and petroleum extraction and refining
- leachate
- liquids that seep through liners of a sanitary landfill and leech into the soil underneath
- life-cycle analysis
- in industrial ecology, the examination of the entire life cycle of a given product --from its origins in raw materials, through its ways to make the process more ecologically efficient.
- materials recovery facilities (MRFs)
- a recycling facility where items are sorted, cleaned, shredded, and prepared for reprocessing into new items
- municipal solid waste
- non-liquid waste that comes from homes, institutions, and small businesses
- recycling
- the collection of materials that can be broken down and reprocessed to manufacture new items
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
- guidelines set forth that specify how waste is to be added to a landfill
- sanitary landfills
- where solid waste is buried in the ground or piled up in large, carefully engineered mounds designed to prevent waste from contaminating the environment
- source reduction
- the reduction of the amount of material that enters the waste stream to avoid the costs of disposal and recycling, help conserve resources, minimize pollution, and save consumers and businesses money
- Superfund
- a program administered by the environmental protection agency in which experts identify sites polluted with hazardous chemicals, protect groundwater near these sites, and clean up the pollution
- surface impoundment
- a hazardous waste disposal method in which a shallow depression is dug and lined with impervious material, such as clay. water containing small amounts of hazardous waste is placed in the pond and allowed to evaporate, leaving a residue of solid hazardous waste on the bottom
- waste
- any unwanted material that results from a human activity or process
- waste management
- strategic decision making to minimize the amount of waste generated and to dispose of waste safely and effectively
- waste stream
- the flow of waste as it moves from its sources toward disposal destinations
- waste-to-energy (WTE)
- an incinerator that uses heat from its furnace to boil water to create steam that drives electricity generation or that fuels heating systems