Psyc. Chpt. 4
vocab
Terms
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- cocaine
- a stimulant drug derived from the coca tree
- melatonin
- a hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness
- beta brain waves
- brain-wave pattern associated with alert wakefulness
- withdrawal symptoms
- unpleasant physical reactions, combined with intense drug cravings, that occur when a person abstains from a drug on which he or she is physically dependent
- posthypnotic amnesia
- the inability to recall specific info bc of a hypnotic suggestion
- sleepwalking
- a sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of walking or performing other actions druing stage 3 or stage 4 NREM sleep; also called somnambulism
- circadian rhythm
- a cycle or rhythm that is roughly 24 hrs long; the cyclical daily fluctuations in biological and psychological processes
- neodissociation theory of hypnosis
- theory proposed by Ernest Hilgard that explains hypnotic effects as being due to the splitting of consciousness into two simultaneous streams of mental activity, only one of which the hypnotic participant is conscioulsy aware of during hypnosis
- sleep apnea
- a sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep
- mescaline
- a psychedelic drug dereived from the peyote cactus
- meditation
- any one of a number of sustained concentraition techniques that focus attentions and heighten awareness
- hidden observer
- Hilgard's term for the hidden, or disociated, stream of mental activity that continues during hypnosis
- narcolepsy
- a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses into sleep throughout the day
- sleep disorders
- serious disturbances in the normal sleep pattern that interfere with daytime functioning and cause subjective distress
- nicotine
- a stimulant drug found in tobacco products
- marijuana
- a psychoactive drug derived from the hemp plant
- postyhypnotic suggestion
- a suggestion made during hypnosis taht the person should carry out a specific instruction following the hypnotic session
- dissociative anesthetics
- class of drugs that reduce sensitivity to pain and produce feelings of deatchment and dissociation; includes the club drugs PCP and Ketamine
- hypnagogic hallucinations
- vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep
- dissociation
- the splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- a sleep disorder in which the sleep acts out his or her dreams
- alpha brain waves
- brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness
- MDMA (ecstasy)
- synthetic club drug that combines stimulant and mild psychedelic effects
- LSD
- a synthetic psychedelic drug
- caffeine
- a stimulant drug found in coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolate, and many over-the-counter medications
- physical dependence
- a condition in which a person has physically adapted to a drug so that he or she must take the drug regularly in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms
- hypnosis
- a cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions with chages in perception, memory, and behavior.
- drug abuse
- recurrent drug use that results in disruptions in academic, socia, or occupations functioning or in legal or psychological problems
- drug rebound effect
- withdrawal symptoms that are the opposite of a physically addictive drug's action
- K complex
- single but large high-voltage spike of brain activity that characterizeds stage 2 NREM sleep
- cataplexy
- a sudden loss of voluntary muscle strenght and control that is usually triggered by an intense emotion
- sleep spindles
- short burst of brain activity that characterize stage 2 NREM sleep
- REM sleep
- type of sleep during which rapid eye movemnets and dreaming usually occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed; also called active sleep or paradoxical sleep
- psychedelic drugs
- a catergory of psychoactive drugs that create sensory and perceptual distortions alter mood and affect thinking
- activation-synthesis model of dreaming
- the theory that brain activity during sleep produces dream images, which are combined by the brain into a dream story
- sleep thinking
- repetative, bland, and uncreative ruminations about real-life events during sleep..ie hw or test questions
- stimulants
- a catergory of psychoactive drugs taht increase brain activity, arouse behavior, and increase mental alertness
- adaptive theory of sleep
- the view or theory that the unique sleep patters of diffent animals evovled over time to help promote survival and environmental adaptation; also called the evolutionary theory of sleep
- restless legs syndrome (RLS)
- a condition in which unpleasant sensations in the lower laegs are accompanied by an irresistable urge to move the legs, temporarily relieving the unpleasant sensation but distrupting sleep
- parasomnias
- a catergory of sleep disorders characterized by arousal or activation during sleep or sleep transitions; inclues sleepwalking, night terrors, sleep bruxism(teeth grinding), sleep-related eating disorder, and REM sleep behavior disorder
- NREM sleep
- quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent; divided into four stages ; aslo called quiet sleep
- insomnia
- a condition in which a person regularly experiences an inabilit to fall asleep, to stay asleep, or to feel adquately rested by sleep
- tranquilizers
- depressant drugs taht relieve anxiety
- electroencephalograph
- an instrument that uses electrods placed on the scapl to measure and record the brain's electrical activity
- stimulant-induced psychosis
- schizophrenia-like symptoms can occr as the result of prolonged amphetamine or cocaine use; aka amphetamine psychosis or coacaine psychosis
- nightmare
- a frightening or unpleasant anxiety dream that occurs during REM sleep
- barbiturates
- a category of depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and produce sleepiness
- restorative theory of sleep
- the view or theory that sleep and dreaming are essential to normal physical and mental functioning
- sleep paralysis
- a temporary condition in whih a person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night
- suprachiasmatic nucleus
- a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that governs the timing of circadian rhythms
- opiates
- a category of psychoactive drugs taht are chemically similiar to morphine and have strong pain-relieving properties
- depressants
- a category of psychoactive drugs that depress or inhibit brain activity
- latent content
- In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the uncounscious wishes, thoughts, and urges that are concealed in the mainfest content of a dream
- EEG (electroencephalogram)
- the graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph.
- dream
- a storylike episode of unfolding mental imagery during sleep
- amphetamines
- a class of stimulant drugs that srouse the cns and suppress appetite
- drug tolerance
- a condition in which increasing amounts of a physically addictive drug are needed to produce the original, desired effect
- consciousness
- personal awareness of mental activites, internal sensations, and the external environment
- REM rebound
- a phenomenon in which a person who is deprived of REM sleep greatly increases the amount of time spent in REM sleep at the first opportunity to sleep uninterrupted
- night terrors
- a sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of increased physiological arousal, intense fear and panic, frightening hallucinations, and no recall of teh episode the next morning; typically occurs during stage 3 or stage 4 NREM sleep; aka sleep terrors
- sleep inertia
- feelings of grogginess on awakening that interferes with the ability to perform mental or physical tasks.
- psychoactive drug
- a drug that alters consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior.
- hypermnesia
- the supposed enhancement of a person's memory for past events through a hypnotic suggestion
- manifest content
- in Freud's psychoanalytical theory, the elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered by the dreamer