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Chapter 16

Terms

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exponential growth curve
a curve in which the rate of population growth stays the same, as a result the population size increases steadily.
R strategists
species that grow exponentially when environmental conditions allow them to reproduce.
dispersion
the way the individuals of the population are arranged in space.
nonrandom mating
mating between individuals of the same phenotype, or by those who live nearby.
density- independent factors
factors, such as climate, that affect the growth of populations. These factors are unaffected by the density of populations.
stabilizing selection
type of natural selection in which the average for of the trait is favored and becomes more common.
population model
a hypothetical population that attempts to exhibit the key characteristics of a real population.
gene flow
the movement of alleles into or out of a population.
logistic model
a population model in which exponential growth is limited by a density-dependent factor.
carrying capacity
the population size that an environment can sustain.
K strategists
populations that grow slowly, slow maturation, few young, slow population growth, and reproduction late in life.
directional selection
the form of selection that causes the frequency of a particular trait to move in one direction.
population density
the number of individuals that live in a given area
normal distribution
bell shaped curve that results when the values of a trait in a population are plotted against their frequency.
polygenic trait
a trait that is influenced by several genes.
genetic drift
random change in allele frequency in a population.
Population size
the number of individuals in a population
population
all the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time.
Hardy-Weinberg principle
states that the frequencies of alleles in a population do not change unless evolutionary forces act on the population.
density dependent factors
- limited resources whose rates of depletion depend on the density of the population using them.

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