chapter two
hey! I now have the first two chapters up so please enjoy!!
more chapters to come later!!!!!!
more chapters to come later!!!!!!
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Environmental ethics,
- a search for moral values and ethical principles in human relations with the natural world.
- Ecofeminism,
- a pluralistc, nonhierarchal, relationship-oriented philosophy that suggests how humans could reconcieve themselves and their relationships in nature to nondominating ways as an alternative to patriarchal systems of domination.
- Moral extensionalism,
- expansion of our understanding of inherent value or rights to persons, organisms, or things that might not be considered worthy of value or rights under some ethical philosophies.
- Controlled studies,
- those in which comparisons are made between experimental and control populations that are identical (as far as possible) in every factor except the one variable being studied.
- Morals,
- a set of ethical principals that guide our actions and relationships.
- LULUs,
- Locally Unwanted Land Uses such as toxic waste dumps, incinerators, smelters, airports, freeways, and other sources of environmental, economic, or social degradation.
- Deductive reasoning,
- deriving testable predictions about specific cases from general principals.
- Science theory,
- an explanation supported by many texts and accepted by a general consensus of scientists.
- Anthropocentrism,
- a belief in humans as masters of the world with a unique set of rights and values.
- Relativists,
- those who believe moral principles are always dependent on the particular situation
- Biocentrism,
- the belief that all creatures have rights and values; being centered on nature rather than humans.
- Moral subjects,
- beings that are not capable of distinguishing between right or wrong or that are not able to act on moral principles and yet are capable of being wronged by others.
- Toxic colonialism,
- shipping toxic wastes to a weaker or poorer nation.
- Moral agents,
- beings capable of making distinctions between right and wrong and acting accordingly. Those whom we hold responsible for their actions.
- Significant numbers,
- meaningful numbers whose accuracy can be verified.
- Double-blind design,
- one in which neither the experimenter or the subjects know until after data has been gathered and analyzed which was the experimental treatment and which was the control.
- Environmental justice,
- recognition that access to a clean, healthy environment is a fundamental right of all human beings.
- Inductive reasoning,
- inferring general principals from specific examples.
- Hypothesis,
- a provisional explanation that can be tested scientifically. Inductive reasoning, inferring general principals from specific examples.
- Environmental racism,
- decisions that restrict certain people or groups of people to polluted or degraded environments on the basis of race.
- Nihilists,
- those who believe the world has no meaning or purpose other than a dark, cruel, unceasing struggle for power and existence.
- Utilitarians,
- those who hold that an action is right that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
- Parsimony,
- if two explanations appear equally plausible, choose the simpler one.
- Inherent value,
- ethical values or rights that exist as an intrinsic or essential characteristic of a particular thing or class of things simply by the fact of their existence.
- Science,
- a process for producing knowledge.
- Blind experiments,
- those in which those carrying out the experiment don't know until after data has been gathered and analyzed which was the experimental treatment and which was the control.
- Values,
- an estimation of the worth of things; a set of ethical beliefs and preferences that determine our sense of right and wrong.
- Universalists,
- those who believe that some fundamental ethical principles are universal and un-changing. In this vision, these principles are valid regardless of the context or situation.
- Paradigms,
- a model that provides a framework for interpreting observations.
- Reproducibility,
- making an observation or obtaining a particular result more than once.
- Instrumental value,
- value or worth of objects that satisfy the needs and wants of moral agents. Objects that can be used as a means to some desirable end.
- Stewardship,
- , a philosophy that holds that humans have a unique responsibility to manage, care for, and improve nature.