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Terms
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- Plural Executive
- governor and lt. governor along with many other agency heads in the executive branch are all elected in separate elections; often can result in party and policy conflicts; separately elected officials are more likely to pursue their own agendas and feel less indebted to the will of the governor; sign of a weak governor
- Prvitization
- Movement that shifts the production of government services from public to private firms. Controversial issue that intends to make government more efficient by saving money, reducing labor costs, and provide flexibility. However, it can be seen as a sanctioning of monopolies. Opponents state that the saving are overstated, quality is reduced, gives room for unqualified providers, and complicates the accountability chain.
- Affirmative Action
- - due to job stratification, highly controversial program implemented to even out some imbalances within the workforce. The program is said to help people at the expense of others and yet still have a negative impact on the people it helps. However it is also said that historically the Constitution has not been color blind or gender neutral and presents an opportunity to remedy past discrimination.
- Job Stratification
- Imbalances in the type and quality of jobs that are held by groups of employees in a given agency or jurisdiction. Minorities and women remain underrepresented among higher officials and administrations and leads to debates over such issues as affirmative action.
- Short ballot
- governor and lt. governor are elected as a team; governor has appointment power of the other agency heads in the executive; sign of a powerful governor as he can expect more loyalty from appointed officials rather than separately elected ones; also it is less likely that other members of the executive will have opposing agendas to that of the governor
- Reinventing government
- This movement calls for the development of an entrepreneurial government that searches for efficient and effective ways of managing. It is based on being mission driven, results oriented, reliant on user fees, and association with New Democrats.
- Political ambition ladder
- an informal power of the governor. The main focus is on previous offices held. The idea is that someone who has gradually worked their way up to the top will have more power. They will have a better sense of how things run and work as compared to someone who doesn't have experience.
- Legal Culture
- -courts should be independent from politics and personality as much as possible. It emphasizes the merit appointment of judges. judges should base their decisions on the interpretation of the law and not on the popularity of the decision in the public
- Term limits
- constitutional or statutory limitations on the number of terms that a legislature can serve. They vary along two main dimensions: number of years of continuous service allowed, lifetime ban on subsequent services. (Some states after you are done, you are done for lie. In other states you can take a break, and serve again). An argument for term limits is that (long term representatives lose touch with their constituents. An argument against it is that term limits impinge on voters freedom of choice.
- Legislative deinstitutionalization
- the notion that state legislatures have become less well bounded and less differentiated from their environments; they are more permeable than in the past. Outside influences to this are: media, public opinion, direct democracy.