Com Disorders Ch. 11 info
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- What is the connection between language and culture? Why is it important to consider culture when diagnosing a language delay in another language?
- language and culture are closely related. to understand a language, its use, diversity and disorders, one must understand the broader culture background of the language. variations are specific to the language, and what is acceptable in one may not be acceptable in another.
- What are the major ethnic groups and dialectal variations in the United States?
- The major ethnic groups are Latino, Asian, African American, and Native American. Dialectal variations include SAE and AAE.
- Describe the job of the SLP in diagnosing language delay versus language difference.
- An SLP must be familiar with the native language of the client and its varying dialects. Treatment is only necessary if there is a disorder within the dialect.
- Discuss some factors that influence dialectal variations.
- Dialectal variations include geographic regions, socioeconomic levels, speaking situations, and subgroup memborship.
- Describe the use of AAE as a dialect.
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Most speakers are monolingual users of english. AAE is most prevalent among African Americans, but not limited to that group. Similarly, not all African Americans use the dialect. The differences between AAE and SAE are not SAE mistakes.
Characteristics include double negatives, auxillary 'be' can express a permanent and continuous state, substitution of /f/ for /th/. - Describe the linguistic view concerning languages and dialects. Are some superior to others?
- Linguists indicate that all languages and dialectal variations are systematic, rule-governed, and of equal worth. None are considered substandard.
- Describe language learning for the bilingual child.
- A bilingual child acquires language at the same rate as a monolingual child and is at no more risk for delays. Bilingualism may occur because of the parents speaking differnt languages, immigrant parents, or formal instruction. At first a child may practice simultaneous bilingualism, but will sort out the languages by age 2 or 3. Sequential bilingualism occurs when a child begins acquiring a second language by the third birthday. Rapid language acquistion occurs when a child under 7 learns a second language.
- What are some invalid assumptions concerning standard forms and variations of a language?
- Some invalid assumptions include thinking there is one standard form for a language or that variations of a language are deviant. Speakers of a nonstandard dialect may face social, educational, and occupational barriers.
- Describe the legal issues for non-native speakers of english.
- Schools must provide meaningful education for non-English speakers. Teachers must be sensitive to AAE.
- Describe ASHA's position concerning differences vs. disorders.
- Dialectal differences are not disorders. An SLP must be culturally and linguistically senstive in order to provide services to those with disorders. Treatment must be provided in the primary (non-English) language which means the SLP must be bilingual or use an interpreter to provide services in either language.
- Describe the comptencies needed by the SLP to accurately diagnose language differences vs. disorders.
- To diagnose a disorder, the SLP must know the language or dialect a person speaks. SLP must be bilingual or use an interpreter to provide services in either language.
- What does cultural sensitivity mean and why is it important for an SLP?
- Cultural sensitivity is the responsibility to under the people we serve. We must learn authentic information about the culture represented and avoid stereotypes and generalizations. An SLP will work with many people for different backgrounds, and in order to serve and help them, one must recognize and respect the culture of the client.