Animal Science 121
Terms
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- what are the three primary areas of production?
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1. Cow/Calf
2. Stocker
3. Feedlot
subfields
cow/calf----veal
stocker-----dairy - where did cattle come from?
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Bos Taurus
Bos Primigenius= Aurochs (primary descendant to cattle) - what are cattles taxonomic Family?
- Bovidae or Bovine
- In the US cattle we imported from Europe, who were the most early immigrants?
- Columbus, Cortex, and Pilgrims
- Why were cattle brought to the US?
- Draft Animals
- What does ADG stand for?
- Average Daily Gain
- What is Beef Check Off?
- Producer initiated "tax" for marketing.
- what does Bovine mean?
- Animals related to cows.
- What does Dark Cutter mean?
- Meat Darkened due to stress prior to slaughter.
- What does EPD stand for?
- Expected Progeny Difference
- What is Fed Cattle?
- Steers or Heifers fed concentrates to slaughter.
- What is Free Martin?
- Sterile female fraternal twins of male cows.
- What does Polled mean?
- Naturally Hornless cattle.
- what is an Ox?
- Old steer, with horns, for draft purposes.
- What is a Steer?
- A castrated male cow for meat production.
- what is a stocker?
- Heifer or Steer designed for slaughter.
- what is Veal?
- Meat from cattle less than 4 months old and was milk fed.
- What is a Heifer?
- female before parturition...before she has dropped a calf.
- What are some issues involving the production of meat?
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1. Manure Management-CAFO
2. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy-BSE
3. Influenza
4. Food Safty
- which country has the highest population of cattle?
- India, and they are not processed.
- What is the definition of Maternal Breeds?
- Better mothers, produce more milk, characteristics for good reproduction.
- what is the definition of Dual Purpose Breeds?
- okay at everything, but master of none. Good at birthing, and good marbling.
- What is the definition of Terminal Breeds?
- Good Market traits, Good meat cuts, and good conformation.
- What is the definition of Bos Indicus Breeds?
- They are indian cattle or Brahman, they come from a different group of animals and are very resistant to heat, disease and parasites.
- What are some British Breeds?
- Angus, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Red Angus, and Shorthorn.
- What are some Continental Breeds?
- Chianina, Charolais, Limousin, Maine-Anjou, Simmental, and Longhorn.
- What are the Bos Indicus Breeds?
- Brahman, Brangus, Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis, and Beefmaster.
- What are the Maternal breeds of Cattle?
- Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn.
- What are the terminal breeds of cattle?
- Charolais, Chianina, Limousin, and Maine-Anjou.
- What are the Dual Purpose Breeds of Cattle?
- Saler, and Simmental
- what is the breeding age for heifers?
- 14-19 months
- Gestation=???
- 283 days or 9 months plus....
- what are some castration methods?
- Surgery, Burdizzo, Elastrator, and chemical injection.
- What are the methods for dehorning?
- Hot Iron, Cutter, Chemicals, Dehorning spoon.
- what is the definition of Bull?
- Male Cow, un-casturated male.
- what is the definition of Cow?
- The mature female of a bovine animal.
- What is the definition of Cow/Calf?
- The young of a domestic cow or other bovine animal--breeding
- What is the definition of Stocker?
- A young steer or heifer that is fed chiefy pasture or other roughage prior to more intensive feeding.
- what is the definition of Feedlot?
- A plot of ground near a stockyard where livestock are gathered to get fattened up for market.
- what is the definition of Dressing Percent?
- Live Animal weigh Vs. Carcass Weight.
- what is the age at harvest for cows?
- 14-18 months
- what is the live weight at harvest for a cow?
- 1,250 lbs
- What is the average carcass weight of a cow?
- 750 lbs.
- what is the Dressing percent of a cow?
- 60-63%
- what is the age at puberty for bulls?
- 9-10 months
- what is the age at puberty for heifers?
- 13-15 months
- what is the estrous cycle length for heifers?
- 21 days
- what is the estrus cycle duration?
- 6-24 hours
- what is the age at first parturition?
- 2 years.
- whast is the age at second parturtion?
- 3 years.
- Name the 4 compartments of the ruminant stomach?
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1. Rumen
2. Reticulum
3. Omasum
4. Abomasum - what is a castrated male called?
- A Wether.
- what is a Jug?
- A Nursery
- what is the Bradford or Englsh?
- its a system to grade wool developed by the English.
- What is a Micron?
- Ti tells how thick the wool is, and is the newest system for grading wool.