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Ecology Study Guide - Mr. Hanek

Terms

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the scientific study of interactions among orgamisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings
ecology
things that use energy from the environment to feul the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules
autotroph
organisms that rely on other orgamisms for their energy and food supply
heterotroph
another word for autotroph, makes their own food
producer
another word for heterotroph, relies on other organisms for food
consumer
organism that only eats plants
herbivore
orgamism that only eats other animals
carnivore
organism that eats both plants and animals
omnivore
bacteria, fungi, etc. that break down organic matter
decomposers
the process of using light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates
photosynthesis
the process when orgamisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
chemeosynthesis
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food chain
this links all of the food chains in an ecosystem together
food web
each step in a food chain or food web
trophic level
an Ecological pyramid that shows the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
Biomass pyramid
and Ecological pyramid that shows the relative number of individual organisms at each tropic level
Numbers pyramid
an Ecological pyramid that shows the relative amounts of energy contained within each trophic level
Energy pyramid
the rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem
primary productivity
a substance that causes an ecosystem's cycle to go slowly
limiting nutrient
when an aquatic ecosystem recieves a large input of a limiting nutrient
algal bloom
the day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place
weather
the average year-to-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region
climate
the natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by a layer of gases
greenhouse effect
the living components of the environment
biotic
the nonliving factors of the environment
abiotic
the area where an orgamism lives
habitat
an orgamism's place in the environment
niche
resources that can regenerate or be replenished by biochemical cycles
renewable resources
resouces that cannot be replenished by natural processes
nonrenewable resources
when populations become crowded, organisms compete for food, water space, sunlight, and other essentials
competition
no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
competitive exclusion principle
one organism captures and feeds on another organism
predation
any relationship in which two species live closely together
symbiosis
both species benefit from the relationship
mutualism
one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
commensalism
one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it
parasitism
succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists
primary succession
when succession occurs after a fire or other natural events and soil already exists
secondary succession
the movement of individuals into an area
immigration
the movement of individuals out of an area
emigration
the largest number of individuals that a given environment can support
carrying capacity
the warming of Earth's atmosphere
global warming

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