The Chemistry of Life: Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Terms
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Each water molecule is capable of forming
a) 1 hydrogen bond
b) 2 hydrogen bonds
c) 4 hydrogen bonds
d) 1 covalent bond and 2 hydrogen bonds
e) 1 covalent bond and 3 hydrogen bonds - c) 4 hydrogen bonds
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The polarity of water molecules
a) promotes the formation of hydrogen bonds
b) helps water to dissolve nonpolar solutions
c) lowers the heat of vaporization
d) creates a crystalline structure in liquid water
e) does all of - a) promotes the formation of hydrogen bonds
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What accounts for the movement of water up xylem vessels in a plant?
a) cohesion
b) hydrogen bonding
c) adhesion
d) hydrophilic vessel walls
e) all of the above - e) all of the above
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Climates tend to be moderate near large bodies of water because
a) a large amount of solar heat is absorbed by the gradual rise in temperature
b) the gradual cooling of the water releases heat to the environment
c) the high specific - e) all of the above
- Temperature is a measure of...
- average kinetic energy of molecules
- Evaporation cooling the result of...
- a reduction in the average kinetic energy of the liquid remaining after molecules enter the gaseous state
- Ice floats happen because...
- hydrogen bonding spaces the molecules farther apart, creating a less dense structure.
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A buffer
a) changes pH by a magnitude of 10
b) absorbs excess OH-
c) releases excess H+
d) is often a weak acid-base pair
e) always maintains a neutral pH - d) is often a weak acid-base pair
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Which of the following is least soluable in water?
a) polar molecules
b) nonpolar molecules
c) ionic compounds
d) hydrophilic molecules
e) anions - b) nonpolar compounds
- What bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?
- hydrogen bonds
- Adding a base to a solution would...
- raise the pH and decrease [H+]