Subatomic Particles
Terms
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- PROTON
- positively charged subatomic particle
- ATOMIC MASS
- mass of atom of an element measured in grams/mole or an amu.
- MASS NUMBER
- the sum of protons plus neutrons
- WHAT WAS DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY?
- 1. All matter is made of atoms 2. Atoms are indestructible and cannot be divided into smaller particles 3. All atoms of one type of element are the same. Atoms of different elements are not the same. 4. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements are combined in specific rations.
- LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
- A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
- THOMSON'S CATHODE RAY TUBE EXPERIMENT
- +/- pole magnets in glass tube with negative beam Placed magnet near glass tube and saw that beam was attracted to + pole magnet and deflected from - pole magnet
- CHARGE-TO-MASS RATIO OF ELECTRON
- 1.76*10^8 c/g
- CATHODE RAY RESULTS
- 1. Discovered first atomic particle 2. Discovered the electron 3. Cookie dough model
- ISOTOPE
- an atom with different number of neutrons
- NAGOAK'S NUCLEAR MODEL
- Small, dense, hard positively charged nucleus Atom mostly empty space.
- RUTHERFORD'S GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT
- Lead brick lined with polonium shoots alpha-particles at an extremely thin sheet of gold foil. Whole thing surrounded by detector. If Cookie Dough model correct, no deflections. If Nuclear Model correct, some deflections (nucleus hits gold foil).
- RESULTS OF RUTHERFORD'S EXPERIMENT
- 1. Confirms nuclear model -Dense nucleus -Atom mostly empty space -Electrons revolve around nucleus -Nucleus called proton 2. Discovered radioactivity
- ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
- force of attraction between oppositely charged particles that holds the atom together
- POTENTIAL ENERGY
- energy stored in an object
- KINETIC ENERGY
- Energy released in movement
- THERMAL ENERGY
- energy released converted to heat when hits surface
- HOW IS ENERGY RELEASED?
- As a line spectrum.
- BOHR'S EXPERIMENT
- -Tests if Thomson's hypothesis that elecrtons could be anywhere is correct -Positive nucleus with circular energy levels (n=x)
- ELECTRONS GO FURTHER AWAY FROM NUCLEUS, ENERGY...
- Energy grows as electrons go further away from nucleus.
- EXCITED STATE
- "hyper" electron bouncing in between energy levels.
- GROUND STATE
- lowest energy state of the atom an it's electrons
- QUANTUM MODEL
- 1. n=Energy 2. l= shape of orbital -bowtie -spherical 3. ml= orientation in space 4. ms= spin on electron
- ENERGY LEVEL 1 ELECTRON CONFIG.
- 1S ___ 1
- ENERGY LEVEL 2 ELECTRON CONFIG.
- 2S2P ---- 2
- ENERGY LVL. 3 ELECTRON CONFIG.
- 3S3P ---- 3
- ENERGY LVL. 4 ELECTRON CONFIG.
- 4S3d4P ------ 4
- THE BOHR MODEL RESULTS 2
- -Electron has defined energy -Electron can be in energy level n=1,2,3... -Ground state is lowest energy of atom (lvl. 1) -Energy must be absorbed to move from lower energy lvls to higher energy lvls. Energy given off moving down energy levels -Energy released as light--> released as line spectrum