History Spring 06
Terms
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- Great Depression
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* According to John Maynard Keynes to end depression you need to increase government spending.
* Another name for shanty towns was "Hooverville" - New Deal
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*Government support the arts
*Power of labor unions increased
*Rising national debt
*Tennessee Valley Authority
*Federal Deposit Insurance Corp
*Securities and Exchange commission - Fascists Nations in 1930's
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*Germany
*Italy
*Japan - WWII - US involvement
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*Started when Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
*Allies wanted to defeat Germany
*Women were barred from engaging in combat
*African Americans were discriminated against by segregation
*Strategy used against Japanese: Island-hopping
*Ended when we dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Hitler
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* Holocost was the extermination of 6 million Jews in Nazi controlled Europe
*According to some, his greatest military error was attacking the Soviet Union - What was the purpose of a rationing program?
- To head off inflation
- Japanese Americans
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*constitutional rights were suspended during WWII
*evacuated from West Coast as there was fear of sabotage - Cold War
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* US and Soviet Union began competing in arms race
*Nuclear technology - Korean War
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* US was successful in Keeping South Korea free from communism
* Soviet Union and US set up governments in North and South Korea - Vietnam
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* US sent aid to France in early years
*Lack of clear objectives frustrated American soldiers
*Americans saw the horrors of war on T.V.
*American Men, age 18 and up were drafted, but deferred if in college
*Viet Cong used Guerrilla tactics
*US used Agent Orange to expose Viet Cong
*US also used saturation bombing
* Pentagon Papers brought opposition to the war - NATO
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* North Atlantic Treaty Organizaion
* purpose-to form a mutual defense in response to a Soviet attack - What did Joseph McCarthy portray himself in being a leader of?
- the anticommunist movement
- What spurred economic growth in the 1950's?
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*Major corporate expansion
*Baby boom
*Consumer credit - Eisenhour
- * Favored programs that aided big business
- Racial segregation
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*Important people: Martin Luther King,Rosa Parks,Jackie Robinson,Thurgood Marshall
*Brown v. Board of Education: court case that ruled that segregation was no longer permissible in public schools
*1963 March on Washington DC was to put pressure on Congress into passing a Civil Rights bill - Sputnik
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* 1st space satellite -Russia
* Ahead of US program
* Americans began to question American technology - John F. Kennedy
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* 1st Roman Catholic elected President
* one of the youngest candidates ever elected President
* Represented Massachusetts in Senate
* Public image (Television) was important to election
*Peace Corps
*Tax cuts passed
*lacked popular mandate to push many proposals through congress
* Soviets were ahead of US in space exploration - Cuba
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*Bay of Pigs: Attempt to overthrow the goernment of Fidel Castro
*Cuban missle crisis strategy was to blockade Cuba - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- gave president power to wage war without a declaration of war from congress
- Arab oil embargo
- provoked an energy crisis in the US in 1973 and 1974
- Protests
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* Southern Christian Leadership Conference used Boycotts and non-violent protests
* Kent State- protesting Cambodia war - What did Nixon do after the Watergate Scandal?
- Resign
- What is the relationship between war and the country's national debt?
- War causes the national debt to increase
- Unemployed veterans marched on Washington in 1932 - this was the _________ Army
- The Bonus Army
- Amendments to know:
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The 20th amendment was ratified to elimiate the four month period between election and inauguration of a new President.
* 21st Amendment ended prohibition - Roosevelt
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*spoke to the Party loyalists during his "fireside chats"
*Cabinet was called "brain trust"
*Plan for first term: relief, recovery, reform
*His "Court Packing" speech ended public and congressional support
*Atlantic Charter was his plan to aid Great Britain while avoiding isolationinst criticism - The attempt to preserve peace
- appeasement
- WWII Battles/Events
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*Germany's invation of Poland started the war in Europe
* The Marshall Plan helped European nations recover from effects of the war
*Purpose of D-Day invation was to drive Germans out of France
*Russia had victory in battle of Stalingrad
*Battles of Coral Sea and Midway gave allies the naval advantage in Pacific
*Germany's invasion of France was an early event in WWII
* - How did US government finance the war?
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* Raised federal income taxes
* sold war bonds
* borrowed from banks
* borrowed from private individuals - War Goals described in the Atlantic Charter:
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* Self-determination for all nations
* Equal trading rights for all
* a system of general security to keep the peace - What was containment designed to do?
- stop the spread of Communism
- According to Churchill: The "iron curtain" separated:
- The nations of Western Europe and Eastern Europe
- postwar years
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* Factors of suburban growth: Baby boom, mass-production of affordable homes, GI Bill
* Economic boom: wartime savings gave boost to sales, Gov. spending kept economy booming, American export trade flourished - Acts to Know
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Immigration Act of 1965: Abolish the quota system
* Voting Right Act of 1965: Affected African Americans - Nixon
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*Withdrew troops from Vietnam and resumed bombing raids at the same time
*His visit to Russia was an eexample of de'tente
*Spiro Agnew was his first Vice-president who was accused of taking bribes as Governor
*Gerald Ford replaced Agnew and was later the first president to take office without popular vote
* Watergate breakin: Nixons associates "bugged" the politican headquarters of their opponents - Court Cases:
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Gideon v. Wainwright and
Miranda v. Arizona dealt with the rights of the accused
Brown v. Board of Education: court ruled that segregation was no longer permissible in public schools - Three Mile Island raised concerns about?
- The satety of nuclear reactors
- Stagflation
- A sluggish economy coupled with rapid inflation
- What caused Arab oil embargo of 1973-74?
- US aid to Israel during the Yom Kippur War