judgement and decision making
Terms
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- representativeness
- ignores base rate
- availability
- over rely on familiarity
- simulation
- over rely on how easy it is to imagine
- conjunction fallacy
- think conjunctions more likely than single event
- framing effect
- context: half empty or half full
- anchoring and adjustment
- to estimate, start with an initial estimate (anchor) and then adjust. final estimate is influenced by initial anchor... doesn't appear with extreme anchors
- illusory correlations
- bias to see associations between two unrelated things.. see relationships where none exist, and often based on preconceptions/stereotypes
- Clinical method of clinical judgement
- human judgement based on informal contemplation and discussion with others
- actuarial method of clinical judgement
- automated, algorithmic procesures and equations based on statistics (computer programs)
- great accuracy relying on actuarial / clinical
- actuarial
- intelligence...
- ability to learn, use of metacognitive processes to enhance learning, ability to adapt to surrounding environment
- spearman's "g"
- "general factor".. mental energy, what matters most. specific abilities. correlations between different kinds of tests, related to speed and WM, some links to brain structure and function
- Thurstone: Primary Mental Abilities
-
*correlated, as suggested by spearmans g
verbal fluency
perceptual speed
number
inductive reasoning
spatial visualization
memory
verbal comprehension - Guilford : structure of intellect
-
how combination of dimensions leads to factors..
operations
content
products..
results in up to 150 "factors of mind" - a little different from "g" - heirarchical models
- g - fluid/crystallized
- fluid
- performance, ie how fast you are.. working memory on the fly
- crystallized
- verbal, ie based on experience and things you learn
- binet
- designed intelligence tests to identify childrenw ho needed special help in school.. mental age / chronological age
- what IQ means today...
- where one falls in the normal distribution of scores
- Triarchical Theory- Sternberg
- practical, analytic, creative... intelligence relation to internal world, external world, and experience
- gardner
- multiple intelligences, only some of which are measured by standard intelligence tests
- Turing Test
- simulate expertise / be better than humans (deep blue) "brute force" method
- gardners forms of intelligence
-
visual
linguistic
musical
bodily and kinesthetic
logical and mathematical
naturalistic
interpersonal
intrapersonal