Periodic Table from Ch. 12
Terms
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- 1869, Russian,arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass; started to be a pattern
- mendeleev
- happen at regular intervals
- periodic
- 1914, reorganized the periodic table into increasing atomic number
- moseley
-
metals
nonmetals
metalloids - 3 classification groups of elements
- drawn into thin long wires
- ductile
- can be pounded ino thin sheets
- malleable
- found to the left of the zig zag line
- metals
- atoms of most _____ have few electrons in their energy level
- metals
- shiny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of electrical current and thermal energy
- metals
- found to the right of the zig zag line
- nonmetals
- has almost a complete set of electrons in their outer energy level
- nonmetals
- aren't shiny, ductile, malleable; brittle solids; poor conductors of electrical currents
- nonmetals
- elements that border the zig zag line
- metalloids
- atoms of ____ have about 1/2 of a complete set of electons in their outer energy level
- metalloids
- have some properties of metals and nonmetals
- metalloids
- semiconductors
- metalloids
- each ___ is identified by a chemical symbol
- element
- each square on the table contains _____, ______, _____, and _____
- element name, symbol, atomic#, and atomic mass
- for most elements they have __ or __ letters in their symbol
- 1 or 2
- newer elements have __ letters
- 3
- rows that follow a repeating pattern of chemical and physical properties as you move across the row
- periods
- elements in the same _____ often have similar chemical and physical properties
- group
-
metals
1 electron in outer level
very reactive
softness, color of silver, shininess, low density - Group 1: Alkali Metals
-
metals
2 electrons in outer level
very reactive, but less reactive than Alkali metals
color of silver, higher denstities than alkali metals - Group 2: Alkali-Earth Metals
-
all metals
1 or 2 electrons in outer level
less reactive than group 2
shininess, good conductors of electrical current and thermal energy - Group 3-12: Transition Metals
- Periods 6 and 7 always in 2 rows at the bottom
- Lanthanides and Actinides
-
1 metalloid and 4 metals
3 electrons in outer level
reactive
solids at room temp. - Group 13: Boron Group
-
1 nonmetal, 2 metals, 2 metalloids
4 electrons in outer level
reactivity varies
solids at room temp. - Group 14: Carbon Group
-
2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, 1 metal
5 electrons in outer level
reactivity varies
solids at room temp. (except for nitrogen) - Group 15: Nitrogen Group
-
3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, 1 metal
6 electrons in outer level
reactive
solids at room temp. (except for oxygen) - Group 16: Oxygen Group
-
nonmetals
7 electrons in outer level
very reactive
poor conductors of electrical current; violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts; never uncombined in nature - Group 17: Halogens
-
nonmetals
8 electrons in outer energy level(except helium 2 electrons)
unreactive
colorless, odorless, gases at room temp. - Group 18: Noble Gases
-
nonmetal
1 electron in outer level
reactive
colorless, odorless gas at room temp., low density - hydrogen
- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into another substance
- element
- a pure substance made from one or more elements
- compound
- using electricity to break apart a compound
- electrolysis
- substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not changed
- catalyst
- compounds containing oxygen
- oxides