Bio 3 DNA

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an experiment with mice showed that _____ is the hereditary material and is the physical carrier of instructions needed to build and organism: DNA
The DNA mice experiment studied what kind of infections?: bacterial
If streptoccus bacteria is injected into mice with pneumonia, what happens?: They die.
In the mice experiment, two strains of bacteria were injected: S, smooth colonies, polysaccharide coat and R, rough colonies, no coat. Which one kills the mice?: S, smooth colonies, polysaccharide coat.
When dead S bacteria is mixed with live R bacteria, the R bacterias are converted to S. What causes this change in S?: DNA
Who explained the structure of DNA in the early 1500s?: Watson and Crick
DNA is composed of...: nucleotides
Which three nucleotides make up DNA?: sugar, phosphate and a base.
What are the four possible bases for DNA?: adenine (A) guanine (G) thymine (T) cytosine (C)
How do the DNA bases A, G, T, C pair up?: # of A = # of T # of G = # of C
How many backbones does the DNA have wrapped around each other?: Two
The amount of A in a DNA base always equals the amount of?: T
The amount of G in a DNA base always equals the amount of?: C
The DNA backbones consist of alternating...: sugars and phosphates
The paired bases stick into the center of the DNA molecule - True or False: True
If you know the bases on one strand of DNA, you can easily determine the bases on...: the other strand.
The two DNA strands are anti-parallel: meaning they...: run in opposite directions.
The two DNA strands are twisted together into...: a double helix
Replication of DNA is called semi-conservative because when going from 1 DNA molecule to 2 DNA molecules, each new DNA has one strand...: from the original molecule and one new strand.
What DNA enzyme forms the new strand in the DNA molecule when DNA replication occurs?: DNA polymerase
In the replication of DNA, what does the enzyme DNA polymerase use as a template to create a new strand?: The old strand
What raw materials in the DNA does the DNA ploymerase use to replicate the DNA strands?: necleotides with 3 phosphates on them.
In DNA replication the 2 end phosphates are removed to provide energy to cause the DNA synthesis reaction to proceeed. This works like...: ATP
3 ways genes are expressed:: transcription processing translation
Messenger RNA is abbreviated...: mRNA
What is the gene expression process called when a gene is transcribed into into an RNA copy called mRNA called?: transcription
What is the gene expression called when it processes the mRNA and transports it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?: processing
what is the gene expression called when it translates the mRNA into protein?: translation
RNA and DNA are both what kind of acids?: nucleic
RNA usise ribose as its sugar, while DNA uses...: deoxyribose (Note: ribose -"R"NA Deoxyribose -"D"NA)
RNA uses the base uracil (U) while DNA uses the base...: thymine (T)
RNA is single stranded while DNA is: double stranded
RNA molecules are short on genes and long, while DNA is....: very long and contains many genes
Name 3 types of RNA:: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a copy of a single...: gene
tRNA (transfer RNA) is an adapter between mRNA and amino acids during what gene expression?: translation
ribosomal RNA is part of the molecular machine that translates mRNA into protein. It is called...: ribosome
transcription occurs in the...: nucleus
In transcription the enzyme RNA polymerase bindes to the _________ at the beginning of the gene, then copies the gene starting at the 5' end and moving to the 3' end.: promoter
Does RNA processing occur in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?: eukaryotes
RNA processing adds protection to the ends of the _______.: mRNA
When RNA processing adds protection the the ends of the mRNA it adds a cap at one end and a ______to the other end.: ploy A tail
RNA processing slices out...: introns
Introns are DNA sequences found within a gene that don't code for ...: protein
In RNA processing introns have no known function: they are just junk to be removed before the RNA can be translated into a...: protein
each group of 3 bases in the mRNA is a: codon
In genetic code, each codon codes for 1 amino...: acid
In genetic code there are 64 ______.: codons
In genetic code, 3 of the 64 codons code for nothing. These codons are called...: stop codons
Stop codons signal the end of the..: protein
In genetic code 61 of the 64 codons code form the 20 different: amino acids
Codons can code for more than one...: amino acid

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Number of cards 52

Created By jhsart