Theories and Techniques
Terms
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- What is Carl Rogers Philosophy?
- Humanism
- Who were the individuals that influenced Rogers?
- Oto Rank and Adler
- What is Maslow's Hierracy?
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We're all at the bottom working on our:
1.basic needs (food & shelter)
2.safety
3.belonging/love
4.respect/self esteem
5.self activation
6.spiritual awareness (highest) - What was Carl Rogers metaphor?
- We're all acorns and it's nature to be able to grow into a oak tree.
- What is the Humanism concept?
- We are basically good given the right environment we're going to be all good. There is never going to be a problem with the acorn. The problem is not within you but with the environment.(Problem)It leaves sin out of the formula.
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Rogers founded what?
Who did he work with? -
The Center for Studies in the Person -
Alot with encounter groups. - What is the Person-centered Idea?
- The therapeutic process wants to create the environment so that the person could grow- He says the acorn knows what the acorn needs. He was NOT going to tell people what they were suppose to do.
- What are the techniques of the therapist brings themselves in person-center therapy?
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1.authentic
2.congruent - What are the person-centered techniques:
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1. accurate empathic/ understanding.
2. congruence
3. unconditional positive regard - What does incongruence look like?
- two circles: one of the real self and one of the ideal self with very little overlap
- What does congruence look like?
- two circles: one of real self and one of the ideal self with alot of overlap.
- What happens to the person when the therapist bring authenticity to the session?
- It creates an environment that allows the person to move forward.They want the person to be brave enough to disclose their own feelings.
- What will the therapist in person-centered therapy not do?
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they do not attemp to solve problems.
they do not give directions.
there is no cohesion.
there are no techniques. - What is organismic value?
- We should appreciate acorns just for what they are. People don't always do this, they put conditions on them and this creates,maladaptive.
- What was Rogers Hierracy of the client?
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The client moves toward:
1.increased awareness
2.spontaneity
3.trust in self
4.inner directedness - What is the result of the discrepancy between what one wants to be and what one is?
- Maladjustment
- What is a key concept of person-centered therapy?
- The focus in on the present moment and on experiencing and expressing feelings.
- The techniques of person-centered therapy are few- what are the basic techniques of the therapist?
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1.Active listening
2.reflection of feelings
3. clarification
4."being there" for the client - What are the three attributes that creates a growth-promoting climate where individuals can move forward and become what they are capable of becoming?
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1.congruence (genuiness or realness)
2.unconditional positive regard (acceptance and caring)
3.accurate empathic understanding (ability to grasp the subjective world of another person) - The psychoanalytic therapy is?
- Extremely Deterministic
- What are the basic philosophies of psychoanlytic therapy?
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1.humans are determined by psychic energy and by earlier experiences.
2.unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behavior.
3.people are drive by sexual and aggressive impulses.
4.early dev. is critical for later problems roots come from repressed childhood. - What are the goal of Psychoanalytic therapy?
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1. To make the unconscious conscious.
2. To reconstruct the basic personality
3. Working through repressed childhood
4. achieve intellectual and emotional awareness. - What the the therapist's relationship in psychoanalytic therapy?
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1. Anonymous - clients develop projections toward therapist.
2.Focus reducing resistance through transference.
3.Long-term anaylsis
4.Free association to uncover conflicts. - Sigmond Freud as a therapist, tried to do what?
- Strengthen the ego.
- Freud designed the stucture of personality as what?
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1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego - Existential therapy is best described as a:
- Philosophy on which a therapist operates.
- Which of the following is a limitation of the existential approach in working with culturally diverse client populations?
- The focus on one's own resposibility rather than the focuse on social conditions.
- Existential therapy places emphasis on:
- The quality of the client/therapist relationship.
- Which of the following is not true of the existential concept of aloneness?
- It is the result of our neurotic fear of intimacy.
- In working with a client from an existential perspective, the goals of therapy would most likely be:
- Increasing awareness and the potential for choice.
- The existential therapist would probably agree that:
- Ultimately we are alone.
- Guilt and anxiety are viewed as:
- none??
- Which of the following is not true about Frankl's logotherapy?
- The more we seek meaning, the more we are likely to find it.
- "Bad Faith" refers to:
- The inauthenticity of not accepting personal freedom.
- According to existentialists, anxiety is generated by:
- The lack of guarantees in life.
- Unconditional positive regard refers to:
- Accepting clients as worthy persons.
- In person-centered therapy, transference is:
- Not an essential nor significant factor in the therapy process.
- According to Rogers, the three core conditions that create a growth-promoting climate are:
- Congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding.
- Congruence refers to the therapist's:
- Genuiness
- Accurate empathic understanding refers to the therapist's ability to:
- Sense the inner world of the client's subjective experience.
- According to the person-centered theory, a personal relationship between the client and therapist in which the therapist demonstrates attitudes of caring,empathy, positive regard, genuiness, and understanding is:
- A necessary and sufficient condition for therapy to occur.
- Person-center therapy focuses on:
- none??
- The current formation of person-centered therapy:
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1.Encourages an eclestic spirit in using a wider variety of methods.
2.Allows the therapist greater freedom to participate more actively in the relationship. - Roger's basic assumptions were that people:
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1.Are essentially trustworthy.
2.Have vast potential for self-understanding and resolving their own problems
3.Are capable of self-directed growth. - In the last few years of his life, Rogers devoted much of his attention to:
- The promotion of world peace.
- Which of the following is true of Gestalt therapy?
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1.The focus is on the what and how of behavior.
2.The focus is on the here-and-now.
3.The focus is on integrating fragmented parts of the personality.
4.The focus is on unfinished business from the past. - What is not true of Gestalt therapy?
- The focus is on the why of behavior.
- According to the Gestalt approach:
- Awareness is by and of itself therapeutic.
- What is a limitation(s) of Gestalt therapy as it is applied to working with culturally diverse populations?
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1.Clients who have been culturally conditioned to be emotionally reserved might not see value in experiential techniques.
2.Clients may be "put off" by a focus on catharsis.
3.Clients may be looking for specific advice of solving practical problems.
4.Clients may believe that to show one's vulnerability is to be weak. - Gestalt techniques are aimed at:
- Integrating conflicting aspects within the person.
- What are the key concepts of Gestalt therapy?
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1.Acceptance of personal responsibility.
2.Awareness
3.Unfinished business
4.Dealing with the impasse - The Gestalt approach can be applied to:
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1.Individual counseling
2.Group counseling
3.School and classroom situations.
4.Intensive workshops - Therapeutic goals of Gestalt therapy include encouraging the client to:
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1.Move toward greater self-awareness.
2.Gradually assume ownership of and responsibilty for their experience. - Gestalt thepies would use the following types of questions when working with a client:
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1.How
2.What - A Gestalt technique that involves having clients become aware of the many preparatory means they use in bolstering their social roles is called:
- The rehearsal experiment.
- What did Adler stress?
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1.The unity of personality.
2.The direction people are headed toward.
3.A unique style of life that is an expression of life goals.
4.Feelings of inferiority. - The phenomenological orientation pays attention to the:
- The way that individuals perceive their world.
- The concept of fictional finalism refers to:
- An imagined central goal that guides a person's behavior.
- Adlerians value early recollections as an important clue to understanding:
- The individual's lifestyle.
- What are the aspect(s)of the therapeutic process in Adlerian counseling?
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1.Identifying mistaken goals.
2.Exploring faulty assumptions.
3.Reeducation of the client toward constructive goals.
4.Offering encouragement. - What ia a contribution of the Adlerian approach?
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1. The variety of cognitive, behavioral, and experiential techniques available.
2.Therapist resourcefulness in drawing on many methods that can be applied to a diverse range of clients in various settings.
3.That the approach is well suited to short-term formats.
4.The impact of Adler's ideas on other therapy approaches. - _______ refers to an individual's basic orientation to life, or one's personality, and includes the themes that characterized the person's existence.
- Lifestyle
- Four central objectives that correspond to the four phases of the Adlerian therapeutic process includes:
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1.Establishing the relationship. 2.Exporing the individual's dynamics.
3.Encouraging self-understanding and insight.
4.Helping with reorientation. - Which child tends to behave as if he or she were in a race and appears to be in training to surpass an older sibling?
- The second child.
- Which child generally recieves a good deal of attention, tends to be dependable and hard-working, and strives to keep ahead?
- The oldest child.
- During psychoanalytic treatment, clients are typically asked:
- Not to make radical changes in their lifestyle.
- Countertransference refers to the:
- Irrational reactions therapists have toward their clients.
- Analysis of transference is central to psychoanalytic approaches because:
- It allows clients to relive their past in therapy.
- Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, who seek attention and admiration from others, and who are extremely self-absorbed might have what personality disorder?
- Narcissistic
- What term refers to the repetition of interpretations and the overcoming of resistance so that clients can resolve neurotic patterns?
- Working through.
- How does the ego-defense mechanism of identification help a person cope with anxiety?
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1.It protects them froma sense of being a failure.
2.It enhances their feelings of self-worth. - What ego-defense mechanism is a way of negating a disapproving thought or behavior?
- Repression
- If an infants needs are not met, the infant will develop a sense of:
- Mistrust
- According to object-relations theory, the stage of development known as normal infantile autism involves:
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1.Responding more to physical tension states than to psychological processes.
2.Perceiving parts rather than a unified self.
3.Inability to differientiate self from mother. - The "fundamental rule" of psychoanalysis involves clients:
- Saying whatever comes to mind with censoring.