INTRO TO PC CH.1, 2.

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ABACUS: CALCULATOR.
COMPUTER.
500 BC.
CHINESE.
AZTECS 900-1000 AD.
ANALYTICAL ENGINE: FIRST MECHANICAL COMPUTER.
CHARLES BABBAGE.
LONDON BETWEEN 1822-1871.
BEYOND THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE DAY.
WAS NEVER MADE.
FIRST ELECTRICAL-DRIVEN COMPUTER: ELECTRICAL OPERATED TABULATOR.
PATENTED JANUARY 8,1889.
DR HERMAN HOLLERITH IN NEW YORK.
COMPUTE RESULTS OF 1890 CENSUS.
PUNCH CARDS.
FIRST ELECTRICAL DIGITAL COMPUTER: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY.
1939-1942.
JOHN ATANASOFF.
750LB, STORE .4KB OF DATA.
NAMED ABC(ATANASOFF-BERRY COMPUTER).
BINARY ARITHMETIC, PARALLEL PROCESSING, REGENERATING MEMORY.
FIRST LARGE SCALE DIGITAL ELECTRONIC COMPUTER: JOHN W. MAUCHLY.
ENIAC(ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER)
UNIV. PENNSYLVANIA-MOORE SCHOOL OF EE.
1945.
19,000 VACUUM TUBES. 1500 RELAYS.
200 KILOWATTS OF ELECTRICAL POWER.
COLOSSUS 1: ANOTHER EARLY DIGITAL ELECTRONIC COMPUTER.
BLETCHLEY PARK, HERTZ ENGLAND.
PROF. MAX NEWMAN.
DEC. 1943.
SCANNED AND ANALYZED 5000 CHARACTERS/SEC.
CRACKING OF CODES/VICTORY WW11.
1971: THE 4004.
FIRST 4BIT MICROPROCESSOR.
INTEL.
1MHZ.
1972: 8-BIT MICROPROCESSOR.
8008 RELEASED.
1978: 16BIT PROCESSOR.
8086.
8087 MATH COPROCESSOR.
8088.
16-BIT REGISTER.
16-BIT EXTERNAL DATA BUS.
20-BIT ADDRESS BUS.
ACCESS 1MB OF MEMORY.
1981: IBM BORN.
4.7 MHZ.
8088.
64KB RAM.
MS-DOS 1.0
1983: MS-DOS 2.0.
DIRECTORY STRUCTURE.
1985: MS-DOS 3.2
SUPPORTS NETWORKS.
1986: 80386.
32-BIT PROCESSOR.
EXPANDED MULTITASKING.
1987: MS-DOS 3.3
ALLOWS OPERATION OF 1.44MB INCH DISK DRIVE.
HD DRVS LARGER THAN 32MB.
1988: PS/2 SERIES.
OS/2 BY IBM.
MS-DOS 4.0.
1994: INTEL FIRST 100MHZ PROCESSOR.
1995: WINDOWS 95.
32-BIT ARCHITECTURE.
PLENTY OF 16-BIT CODE.
1998: 450 MHZ EXCEEDED.
MOTHERBOARD 100MHZ CLOCK SPEED.
CD-ROM WRITERS INEXPENSIVE.
USB.
WIN 98.
2000: PENTIUM 111
1 GHZ.
COMMUNICATION: ACT OF GIVING, TRANSMITTING, OR EXCHANGING INFORMATION.
INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY.
DIGITAL: EITHER ON OR OFF.
TELEGRAPH: AND EARLY RADIO COMM. USED MORSE CODE.
SAMUEL F. B. MORSE.
ASSIGNING DOTS AND DASHES TO REPRESENT EACH LETTER OF THE ALPHABET.
COMPUTERS WORK THE SAME. TRANSMIT INFO INTERNALLY.
PARALLEL AND SERIAL: SERIAL-EIGHT PIECES OF DIGITAL INFO SENT ONE AT A TIME THROUGH ONE WIRE KEEP SPEED AT FAR DISTANCE.
PARALLEL-EIGHT WIRES SENDING EIGHT PIECES OF INFO AT A TIME KEEPS SPEED AT SHORT DISTANCES.
BINARY: LANGUAGE OF COMPUTERS.
BIT REPRESENTED IN ON/OFF STATE.
'2'IS THE FACTOR(REPRESENTED IN SUBSCRIPT) WHEN WRITTING BINARY #.
DECIMAL BINARY
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
IN BINARY TO DECIMAL, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT 8, 4, 2, 1. THUS, 3=0011. COUNT THE ON(1) STATES ACCORDING TO THE ASSIGN VALUE.
8-BIT BINARY CODE:01100011= 0(128)1(64)1(32)0(16)0(8)0(4)1(2)1(1)=99 DECIMAL.
FROM RIGHT TO LEFT, THE NEXT # IS TWICE THE LAST #.
BIT: SMALLEST UNIT OF INFORMATION RECOGNIZED BY THE COMPUTER.
BYTE: 8-BITS.
ONE CHARACTER OF INFORMATION.
ONE KEY ON A KEYBOARD=ONE BYTE.
WORD: 16-BITS ON A COMPUTER.
KILOBYTE(KB): 1024 BYTES.
MEGABYTE(MB): 1,048,576 BYTES.
1024 KB.
GIGABYTE(GB): 1,073,741,824 BYTES.
1024MB.
TERABYTE(TB): 1,099,511,627,776 BYTES.
1024 GB
HEXADECIMAL: 16 IS THE FACTOR USED WHEN WRITING HEX #.
0-9 AND A-F REPRESENT THE 16 NUMBERS.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 30.....

CONVERT BINARY # TO HEXADECIMAL #

RIGHT-TO-LEFT BREAK THE LONG BINARY # INTO 4BITS(NIBBLES) 0100 0111 0010 1000 1110.
IF THE LAST SET IS LESS THAN 4BITS ADD OFF(ZEROS)STATES TO COMPLETE THE SET.
BINARY-0100(2)=DECIMAL-4(10)=HEXADECIMAL-4(16).
BUS: GROUP OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS THAT RUN PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER.
MULTIPLES OF (8,16,32, 64 AND SO ON).
PROVIDE COMMON PATH TO TRANSMIT INFO TO ALL PARTS OF THE COMPUTER.
LIKE HOUSES(IC) TO POWER LINES(BUS).
INPUT DEVICES: KEYBOARD.
MOUSE.
SCANNER.
MICROPHONE.
CD-ROM.
OUTPUT DEVICES: PRINTER.
DISPLAY.
PLOTTER.
SPEAKERS.
INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES: FLOPPY DRIVE.
HARD DRIVE.
MODEM.
NETWORK CARD.
CD-R.
TAPE DRIVE.
DIGITAL CAMERA.
SUPPORT HARDWARE: POWER SUPPLY-CONVERTS LOCAL POWER SOURCE 120V AC CONVERTS TO 5 AND 12 VOLTS DC.
SWITCH BOX-ONE COMPUTER CAN USE SEVERAL PRINTERS OR DEVICES WITH ONE PARALLEL PORT.
SURGE SUPPRESSOR-PREVENT POWER SPIKES FROM DAMAGING A COMPUTER.
UPS-UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY. PROVIDES POWER AFTER A POWER FAILURE. SPIKE.
TRANSISTORS: SMALL ELECTRIC CURRENT CONTROL LARGER CURRENT.
AMPLIFIERS AND SWITCHES.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IC): CONTAINS MANY MINIATURE TRANSISTORS AND OTHER CIRCUIT ELEMENTS.
LATE 1950.
REGISTERS: TEMP MEMORY STORAGE AREAS.
MICROSCOPIC CIRCUIT MADE OF A ROW OF 16-BITS.
CLOCK: SET PACE FOR ALL ACTIVITIES IN THE COMPUTER.
PROVIDES A BEAT FOR ALL THE COMPONENTS TO FOLLOW.
MOTHERBOARD HAS TWO CLOCKS: CPU AND EXTERNAL DATA BUS TO ACCOMMODATE DIFFERENT CPU SPEEDS WHILE MAINTAINING A CONSTANT SPEED FOR ALL THE DEVICES ON THE EXTERNAL DATA BUS.
SYSTEM CLOCK RATE: MEASURED IN MHZ.
1 MILLION OF CYCLES PER SECOND.
CLOCK SPEED: DETERMINED BY THE CPU MANUFACTURER.
THE FASTEST SPEED AT WHICH THE CPU CAN OPERATE.
MAIN FACTORS TO COMPARE CPU PERFORMANCE: SPEED- MHZ.
EXTERNAL DATA BUS- HOW MUCH DATA CAN GO IN AND OUT OF THE CPU.
ADDRESS BUS- MAX AMOUNT OF MEMORY ADDRESSABLE BY THE CPU.
INTERNAL CACHE- HIGH SPEED MEMORY BUILT IN THE CPU.
VIRTUAL MEMORY: HARD DISK SPACE.
ADDITIONAL MEMORY FOR HOLDING DATA NOT IMMEDIATELY REQUIRED BY THE PROCESSOR.
286 COULD ADDRESS 1GB OF MEMORY.
REAL MODE: 286 EMULATES THE 8086.
PROTECTED MODE: DIFFERENT PARTS OF MEMORY ALLOCATED TO DIFFERENT PROGRAMS.
MULTITASKING PROGRAMS.
PROGRAMS RUNNING AT THE SAME TIME.
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN REPLACING A POWER SUPPLY: SIZE- FITS WELL.
WATTAGE- NO LESS THAT WHAT YOU ARE REPLACING.
CONNECTIONS- AT STYLE P8-P9. ATX STYLE RECTANGULAR 20-PIN CONNECTOR. MOLEX OR MINI(BERG)- 12V-5V POWER TO DRIVES.
TROUBLESHOOTING THE POWER SUPPLY: NO NOISE, LIGHT, NO FANS.
BLOWN FUSE OR CIRCUIT BREAKER.
SMOKE OR ACRID ODOR.
LOCK-UP.
SPONTANEOUS REBOOTING.
OVERHEATING.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS FOR THE CASE.
REPLACE WHEN IT FAILS.
ESD: ELECTRO STATIC DISCHARGE.
STATIC: STATIC ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED WHEN TWO DISSIMILAR MATERIALS ARE RUBBED TOGETHER.
GET CHARGED WITH ENERGY AND WILL DISCHARGE AS SOON AS THERE IS AN AVAILABLE PATH(CONDUCTOR)FOR THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS.
DAMAGE OCCURS WHEN THEY ARE DISCHARGED IN AN UNCONTROLLED MANNER.
LOW HUMIDITY.
HUMANS CAN ACCUMULATE 25,000 VOLTS OR MORE.
PS/2: 6-PIN DIN
5-PIN DIN: OLD KEYBOARD CONNECTOR.
APM: ADVANCED POWER MANAGEMENT.
+5VSB = +5V STANTDBY. HELP REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION.
POWER=: VOLTAGE X AMPS
MOTHERBOARD: CENTERPIECE OF THE COMPUTER.
IS THE COMPUTER.
PURPOSE OF THE MOTHERBOARD:: MANAGE SYSTEM BUSES.
DETERMINES CPU TO USE, MEMORY, DEFINE THE LIMIT FOR SPEED, MEMORY, AND EXPANDABILITY OF THE COMPUTER.
RFI: RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE
EMI: ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE- CAUSED BY STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY ELECTRICAL MOTORS.
BEFORE REPLACING A MOTHERBOARD CONSIDER:: PHYSICAL SIZE.
LOCATION OF MOUNTING SCREWS.
SIZE AND SPEED OF THE CPU.
NUMBER AND TYPE OF EXPANSION SLOTS.
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF MEMORY.
CHIPSET: IC'S THAT HELP THE CPU MANAGE AND CONTROL THE COMPUTER SYSTEM.
PURPOSE OF THE CHIPSETS:: BUS CONTROLLERS.
DMA AND INTERRUPT CONTROLLERS.
PERIPHERAL CONTROLLERS(HARD DRIVES ETC)
ROM/BIOS.
BUS AND CACHE CONTROLLERS.
BIOS: BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM.
SET OF PROCEDURES STORED ON A ROM DEVICE. HOLD INFORMATION A CPU NEEDS TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE MOST BASIC OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS.
USED DURING STARTUP.
CMOS: COMPLIMENTARY METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR
THE BIOS IS STORED IN A CMOS ROM DEVICE.
BIOS CONTAIN AT LEAST WHAT INFORMATION?: CPU AND MEMORY SIZE.
DATE AND TIME.
FLOPPY AND HD DISK TYPES.
PASSWORD.
SERIAL AND PARALLEL PORT INFO.
VIDEO INFO.
HOW DO YOU MAKE CHANGES TO THE BIOS?: RUN A BIOS SETUP PROGRAM.
THREE MOST COMMON BIOS MANUFACTURERS:: AMI.
PHOENIX.
AWARD.
HOW DO YOU ACCESS THE BIOS PROGRAM?: AT STARTUP NOTICE THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN. IT MAY OFFER 'DELETE' 'INS' 'F2' TO ENTER THE BIOS SETUP.
HOW DO YOU REMOVE THE LOGO "SPLASH SCREEN" AT BOOT UP AND FOR WHAT?: PRESS 'ESC' KEY.
TO ENTER BIOS SETUP.
CAN A BIOS ADJUST ITSELF?: YES.
NEARLY ALL CURRENT BIOS' DETECT THE CPU AND ADJUST THEMSELVES AS NECESSARY.
DATE AND TIME IS WRONG AT START UP REGULARLY IS CAUSED BY WHAT?: MOTHERBOARD BATTERY IS WEAK AND FAILING.
WHAT MESSAGE DO YOU SEE AT START UP AFTER LOSING BIOS DATA AND OFTEN AN IDICATON OF OTHER PROBLEMS?: BIOS CONFIGURATION MISMATCH,
BIOS DISPLAY MISMATCH,
OR MEMORY SIZE MISMATCH.
WHAT CAN CAUSE THE BIOS TO BECOME RESET?: HANDLING THE MOTHERBOARD.
POST: POWER-ON-SELF-TEST.
AT START UP IT GOES THROGH A SELF-DIAGNOSIS.
AT START UP, A SINGLE BEEP MEANS WHAT?: POST PASSED WITHOUT ERRORS.
WHY IS THE EMPHASIS ON POST CODES DIMINISHING?: RELIANCE ON PLUG AND PAY TECHNOLOGY HARDWARE.
MEMORY CAN BE DEFINED AS:: HIGH-SPEED TEMPORARY STORAGE.
A PROGRAM IS:: CODE THAT IS SENT TO THE CPU FOR PROCESSING.
PROM: PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY.
EEPROM: ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY.
FLASHING THE ROM REFERS TO:: RUN A PROGRAM ON THE COMPUTER TO ERASE THE PROM AND PROGRAM NEW DATA.
RAM: RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
VOLATILE MEMORY.
READ AND WRITE TO.
ROM: READ ONLY MEMORY.
PERMANENTLY INSTALLED DATA OR A PROGRAM.
NON-VOLATILE.
DRAM: DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
REQUIRES CONSTANT RECHARGE.
ABOUT 128/S CALLED REFRESH RATE.
WHAT IS THE DOWNSIDE OF DRAM?: CONSTANT REFRESHING.
MAKING IT SLOW.
SDRAM: SYNCHRONOUS DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
WITH_____THE SPEED OF THE MEMORY IS SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE SPEED OF THE BUS.: SDRAM
WHAT ARE THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF SDRAM MODULES USED IN COMPUTERS THESE DAYS?: SIMM-SINGLE INLINE MEMORY MODULE.
DIMM-DUAL INLINE MEMORY MODULE.
RIMM-RAMBUS INLINE MEMORY MODULE.
SDRAM WAS FIRST DESIGNED FOR ___MHZ SYSTEM BUSES.: 100.
DDR SDRAM: DOUBLE DATA REATE SYNCHRONOUS DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
TRANSFER DATA TWICE THE SPEED OF REGULAR SDRAM.
WHEN USING DDR SDRAM ON A MOTHERBOARD WITH 133MHZ FRONT SIDE BUS SPEED. THE DATA TRANSFER TO AND FROM THE MEMORY IS ____ THAT SPEED, OR ____MHZ.: TWICE.
266.
RDRAM: RAMBUS DIRECT SYNCHRONUS DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
RIMM.
TWO RIMMS MUST BE INSTALLED FOR WHAT INTEL CALLS ITS ___________________.: DUAL-CHANNEL MEMORY INTERFACE.
TYPICAL DIMM SUPPORTS A ___-BIT DATA INTERFACE(LINE), IT CAN TRANSFER UP TO ___BITS OF DATA PER CYCLE. RIMM SUPPORTS A ___-BIT DATA INTERFACE(LINE), IT CAN TRANSFER UP TO ___BITS OF DATA PER CYCLE.: 64, 128.
16, 32.
SRAM: STATIC RAM
TYPE OF RAM THAT DOES NOT HAVE A SPEED PROBLEM; ITS PROBLEM IS SIZE AND COST.: STATIC RAM.
BECAUSE OF ITS COST, SRAM IS USED FOR SPECIAL MEMORY CALLED _____.: CACHE.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN L1 AND L2 CACHE.: L1 IS INTEGRATED INTO THE CPU.
L2 IS EXTERNAL MOUNTED ON THE MOTHERBOARD ALONGSIDE THE CPU.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CACHE MEMORY?: ACTS AS A MIDDLEMAN, PROVIDING DATA TO THE CPU AT FULL SPEED WHILE IT IS OBTAINING DATA FROM THE SDRAM.
SIMM: SINGLE INLINE MEMORY MODULE.
30-PIN AND 72-PIN.
SDR DIMM HAS ___ PINS. DDR DIMM HAS ___ PINS. RIMM HAS ___ PINS.: 168.
184.
184.
BECAUSE RIMM SOCKET ARE CONNECTED IN SERIES, ALL OF THE MEMORY SOCKETS IN THE MOTHERBOARD MUST BE ______. A DUAL-CHANNEL RAMBUS MEMORY SYSTEM ALWAYS CONTAINS TWO IDENTICAL RIMMS. THE SECOND PAIR OF SOCKETS MUST CONTAIN TWO MORE IDENTICAL ____, OR TWO ___: FILLED.
RIMMS.
CRIMMS.
CRIMM: CONTINUITY RIMM.
CONTINUES THE MEMORY CIRCUIT.
S0-DIMM: SMALL OUTLINE DIMM.
DESIGNED TO BE USED IN NOTEBOOKS OR LAPTOP COMPUTERS.
SO-DIMMS HAVE __PINS FOR 32-BIT BUS. __PINS FOR 64-BIT BUS. ___PINS FOR DDR SDRAM WITH 64-BIT BUS.: 72.
144.
200.
A SLOW PROCESSOR WITH LOTS OF ______ WILL USUALLY OUTPERFORM A FAST PROCESSOR WITH A MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ______.: RAM OR MEMORY.
RAM OR MEMORY.
WHAT TWO DEVICES HAVE THE LARGEST IMPACT ON THE VERSATILITY OF YOUR COMPUTER?: MOTHERBOARD AND MEMORY.
CNR: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK RISER.
THE CARDS DESIGNED TO WORK WITH ____ ARE CHEAPER TO PRODUCE THAN THOSE FOR A PCI. THE ____ BUS MAY TRANSFER DATA AT UP TO ____ MB/S. BECAUSE MOST OF THE DATA PROCESSING IS PASSED ON TO THE CPU.: CNR.
CNR.
266.
PCI: PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT
THE ___ BUS IN NEWER AND MUCH FASTER THAN ISA BUS. IT'S TRANSMISSION RATE IS AS HIGH AS ___MB/S.: PCI.
528.
AGP: ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT
THE ___ BUS ALLOWS TRANSMISSION RATE AS HIGH AS 1,056 MB/S. THIS SPECIAL PORT WAS DESIGNED FOR HIGH-PEED ____________.: AGP.
VIDEO CARDS.
AWARD BIOS CMOS SETUP UTILITY CONTAINS: STANDARD CMOS FEATURES.
ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES.
INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS.
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP.
PnP/PCI CONFIGURATION.
PC HEALTH STATUS.
____________________

CPU/PCI CLOCK CONTROL.
LOAD SETUP DEFAULS.
LOAD TURBO DEFAULTS.
SET PASSWORDS.
SAVE & EXIT SETUP.
EXIT WITHOUT SAVING.
____________________

ESC : QUIT
F10 : SAVE & EXIT SETUP
PHOENIX AWARDBIOS -STANDARD CMOS FEATURES- CONTAINS:: DATE, TIME.
IDE PRIMARY MASTER []
IDE PRIMARY SLAVE []
IDE SECONDARY MASTER []
IDE SECONDARY SLAVE []
DRIVE A [1.44 3.5 IN.]
DRIVE B [NONE]
FLOPPY 3 MODE SUPPORT [DISABLED]

VIDEO [EGA/VGA]
HALT ON []

BASE MEMORY 640K
EXTENDED MEMORY 130048
TOTAL MEMORY 131072K
PHOENIX AWARD 'ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES' CONTAINS:: VIRUS WARNING []
QUICK POWER ON SELF TEST []
HARD DISK BOOT PRIORITY []
FIRST BOOT DEVICE []
SECOND BOOT DEVICE []
THIRD BOOT DEVICE []
BOOT OTHER DRIVE []
SECURITY OPTION []
HDD S.M.A.R.T. CAPACITY []
SHOW LOGO ON SCREEN []
INTRUSION ALARM []
AC POWER AUTO RECOVERY []
FDD AND KEYBOARD SETTING []
IN THE SUB -ADVANCE BIOS FEATURE- -SECURITY OPTION- IS FOR:: TO ASK FOR PASSWORD.
SYSTEM - EVERY TIME COMPUTER IS TURNED ON AND EVERY TIME TO ENTER SETUP.
SETUP - ONLY WHEN ATTEMPT TO ENTER SETUP.
THE SUB -ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES- -VIRUS WARNING- IS:: PROTECT THE BOOT SECTOR AND PARTITION TABLE.
THE SUB -ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES- -QUICK POWER ON SELF TEST- IS:: SKIPS SOME OF THE POST ROUTINES.
THE SUB -ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES- -HDD S.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITY IS:: HARD DISK DRIVE, SELF MONITORING, ANALYSIS AND REPORTING TECHNOLOGY.
PROVIDES ADVANCE WARNING OF HDD FAILURE.
THE SUB -ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES- -INTRUSION ALARM- IS:: SOUND ALARM WHEN THE CABINET HAS BEEN REMOVED.
THE SUB -ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES- -AC POWER AUTO RECOVERY-: WHAT THE COMPUTER SHOULD DO AFTER A POWER INTERRUPTION.
THE SUB -ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES- -FDD AND KEYBOARD SETTING- IS:: PERSONAL CHOICES REGARDING FLOPPY DRIVE AND KEYBOARD.
PHOENIX AWARD BIOS -ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES- CONTAINS:: ADVANCED DRAM CONTROL []
DDR CONTROL []
PREFETCH CACHING []
MEMORY HOLE AT 15M-16M[]
AGP APERTURE SIZE []
GRAPHIC WINDOW WR COMBIN []
THE SUB -ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES- -ADVANCED DRAM CONTROL- IS:: HOW THE CPU ADDRESSES MEMORY.
THE SUB -ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES- -DDR CONTROL- IS:: SET TO AUTO.
BY SETTING TO AUTO THE SYSTEM SELECTS THE PROPER SPEED FOR THE RAM INSTALLED.
THE SUB -ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES- -MEMORY HOLE AT 15M-16M- IS:: AREA OF SYSTEM MEMORY SET ASIDE FOR CERTAIN INTERFACE CARDS TO MAP THEIR ROM ADDRESSES TO THIS AREA.
SET TO DISABLED.
THE SUB -ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES- -AGP APERTURE SIZE- IS:: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ADVANCED GRAPHICS PORT THAT ALLOWS YOU TO USE SYSTEM RAM FOR VIDEO RAM.
PHOENIX AWARD BIOS -INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS- CONTAINS:: CONFIGURATIONS OF PERIPHERALS.
WITH TODAY'S PnP MACHINES, THE COMPUTER AUTOMATICALLY TAKES OVER THE CONFIGURATIONS OF MANY PERIPHERALS.
PHOENIX AWARD BIOS -POWER MANAGEMENT- CONTAINS:: ACPI SUSPENDED STATE []
VIDEO OFF OPTION []
VIDEO OFF METHOD []
SWITCH FUNCTION []
MODEM USE IRQ []
HOT KEY FUNCTION []
HDD OFF []
POWER BUTTON OVERRIDE []
PM WAKE UP EVENTS []
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -ACPI SUSPENDED STATE- IS:: TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION.
ALLOWS YOU TO CHOOSE HOW MUCH OF THE COMPUTER IS SHUT DOWN DURING PERIODS OF INACTIVITIES.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -VIDEO OFF- IS:: TURN OFF MONITOR DURING PERIODS OF INACTIVITY.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -VIDEO OFF METHOD- IS:: ALLOWS TO CONTROL THE SCREEN BLANKING.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -SWITCH FUNCTION- IS:: CONTROL THE ACTION OF THE COMPUTER'S FRONT PANEL POWER BUTTON.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -MODEM USE IRQ- IS:: SET THE INTERRUPT REQUEST LINE THAT IS ASSIGNED TO YOUR MODEM.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -HOT KEY FUNCTION- IS:: DETERMINES ACTION OF THE COMPUTER WHEN YOU PRESS A CERTAIN HOT KEY FUNCTON COMBINATION (CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE)
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -HDD OFF- IS:: CHOOSE HOW SOON THE HARD DISK DRIVE MOTER SHUTS DOWN DURING A PERIOD OF INACTIVITY.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -POWER BUTTON OVERRIDE- IS:: CHOOSE WETHER THE COMPUTER SHUTS OFF INSTANTLY WHEN YOU PRESS THE POWER BUTTON, OR IF YOU HAVE TO HOLD IT DOWN FOR A FEW SECONDS.
THE SUB -POWER MANAGEMENT- -PM WAKE UP- IS:: SUB MENU TO CHOOSE WHICH EVENTS WILL CAUSE THE COMPUTER TO WAKE UP. ONE OPTION ALLOWS YOU WAKE UP ON A SPECIFIC DAY AND TIME.
PHOENIX AWARD BIOS -PnP PCI CONFIGURATIONS- CONTAINS:: RESET CONFIGURATION DATA []
RESOURCES CONTROLLED BY []
PCI/VGA PALETTE SNOOP []
THE SUB -PnP/PCI CONFIGURATIONS- -PCI/VGA PALETTE SNOOP- IS:: MULTIMEDIA DEVICES(VIDEO CAPTURE CARDS) USE VGA SNOOPING TO LOOK AHEAD AT THE VIDEO CONTROLLER TO DETERMINE WHICH COLOR PALETTE IS CURRENTLY IN USE.
PHOENIX AWARD BIOS -PC HEALTH STATUS- CONTAINS:: TEMPERATURES, VOLTAGES, AND FAN SPEEDS
INSIDE THE COMPUTER.
YOU CAN CHOOSE A TEMPERATURE WHICH WILL SHUT DOWN THE COMPUTER.
PHOENIX AWARD BIOS -CPU/PCI CLOCK CONTROL- CONTAINS:: CPU CLOCK RATIO []
SPREAD SPECTRUM []
SET DIMM CLOCK BY []
CPU HOST CLOCK []
CPU HOST/SDRAM/PCI CLOCK []
THE SUB CPU/PCI CONTROL -CPU CLOCK RATIO- IS:: THE FACTOR BY WHICH THE SYSTEM CLOCK IS MULTIPLIED TO OBTAIN THE DESIRED CPU SPEED.
FOR EXAMPLE, IF THIS PARAMETER IS SET TO 16X, AND THE SYSTEM CLOCK IS 100MHZ, THE CPU SPEED IS 1.6GHZ(16X100)
THE SUB CPU/PCI CONTROL -SPREAD SPECTRUM- IS:: IS CONSERNED WITH THE WAY THE CLOCK PULSES ARE MODULATED.
THE SUB CPU/PCI CONTROL -SET DIMM CLOCK BY- IS:: IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPUTER.
WHEN SPD(SERIAL PRESENCE DETECTED) IS ENABLED, A SMALL AMOUNT OF MEMORY IS SET ASIDE WHICH CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT THE SPEED, SIZE, ADDRESSING MODE, AND SEVERAL TIMING PARAMETERS. HELP THE MOTHERBOARD ACCESS THE MEMORY DEVICE BETTER. FOR THIS TO WORK ALL INSTALLED DIMMS MUST BE SPD CAPABLE.
THE SUB CPU/PCI CONTROL -CPU HOST/SDRAM/PCI CLOCK- IS:: ALLOWS TO SELECT THE CORRECT TIME COMBINATION FOR THE CPU, SDRAM, PCI BUS. ONLY WHEN THE -SET DIMM CLOCK BY- IS SET TO MANUAL.
PHOENIX - AWARDBIOS CMOS SETUP UTILITY CONTAINS:: >STANDARD CMOS FEATURES
>ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES
>INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS
>POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP
>PnP/PCI CONFIGURATION
>PC HEALTH STATUS
>CPU/PCI CLOCK CONTROL
LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS
LOAD TURBO DEFAULTS
SET PASSWORD
SAVE & EXIT SETUP
EXIT WITHOUT SAVING
________________________________

ESC : QUIT
F10 : SAVE & EXIT SETUP

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Deck Info

Number of cards 148