Audiology Midterm
Terms
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- Otitis externa
- an inflammation of the external auditory meatus.
- Osteosis
- a bony growth in the ear canal
- Tympanosclerosis
- formation of whitish plaques in the tympanic membrane and masses of hard connective tissue around bones of middle ear.
- Tympanic Membrane Perforation
- hole in the eardrum
- Serous Otitis Media
- the collection of fluid in the middle ear space, with possible drainage into external ear canal.
- Acute Otitis Media
- condition characterized by rapid onset of short duration often middle ear infection.
- Chronic Otitis Media
- condition of long-standing middle ear infection
- Cholesteatoma
- a tumor, usually occuring in the middle ear and mastoid that combines fats and epithelium from outside middle-ear space.
- Otosclerois
- laying down new bonees in the middle ear, usually around the footplate of the stapes.
- Mastoiditis
- infection of the mastoid
- Polyps
- a projecting mass of swollen and hypertrophied or tumorous membrane.
- Audiology
- the discipline involved in the prevention, identification, and evaluation of hearing disorders, the selection and evaluation of hearing aids, and the habilitation/rehabilitation of individuals with hearing impairments.
- Sound
- a mechanical disturbance propagated through a physical medium.
- What is the psychological percept to intensity?
- loudness
- What is the physical counterpart to pitch?
- frequency
- How is sound created?
- motion or vibration of an object
- What are the units for the frequency of a waveform?
- CPS or Hz
- What are the units for the period of a waveform?
- seconds
- What is the impact of hearing impairment (adults and children)?
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Children
*lag in speech and language
*lag in academics
*lag in social psychological development
this all also depends on the severity of the hearing loss and the age.
Adults
*not as social
*poor general health
*tend to be depressed, anxious
*tend to stay inside - What are some statistics of the prevalance of hearing impairment?
-
*26 million people are hard of hearing
*2 million people are classified as deaf
*30 million people are regularly exposed to hazardous noise levels
*10 million people have some degree of permanent noise-induced hearing loss - What is the moving together of air particles?
- Condensation
- What is the moving apart of air particles?
- Rarefraction
- What is the intensity level required to elicit the acoustic reflex?
- 80-90dB
- What is the amount of attenuation offered by the acoustic reflex?
- 10-30dB depending on frequency
- What are the functions of the outer ear?
-
*protection
*absorbs acoustic energy
*carries acoustic energy to tymmpanic membrane - What are the functions of the middle ear?
-
*protection for inner ear
*acoustic energy changes into mechanical energy - What are the functions of the eustachian tube?
-
*drains both normal and diseased fluid
*equalizes air pressure between environment and middle ear space. - What is the function of the middle ear muscles?
- *protects inner ear from loud sounds
- What is the area difference between the tympanic memberane and the oval window?
-
14 to 1 between
14 and 17 times larger that the oval window - Acoustic Reflex
- contraction of one or both of the middle-ear muscles in response to an intense sound.
- What is acoustic reflex also refferred to as?
- stapedial reflex
- What is the function of the acoustic reflex?
- measure the stapedius and tensor tympani reflex generated eardrum movement in response to intense sound
- What is the function of the external auditory meatus?
- helps funnel sound from environment up to eardrum.