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Comparative Goverments

Terms

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UK Type of Government (2 things here)
*Constitutional Monarchy *Unitary
Iran Type of Government (2 things here)
*Theocracy *Unitary (pwr = centralized) * Illiberal Dem * Constitutional, elected bodies → Dem * Semi-presidential?
Russia Type of Government (2 things here)
* Federal (b/c Russia is big) * Semi-presidential, 1993
Mexico Type of Government (2 things here)
Federal/Presidential Dem on paper
Nigeria Type of Government (2 things here)
* Dem, Pres, Fed Sys
China Type of Government (2 things here)
Authoritarian, Communist
UK Ex. Powers
*PM - head of govt - many powers, but - hindered by time and energy of person occupying the position *main concerns - winning elections - campaigning through the media - using patronage - making and balancing policies * Cabinet - ensures agreement about major govt policies - responsible for overseeing all services of govt
Iran Ex. Powers
* Supreme Leader * No limit to pwr * Elected by assembly of Relig Experts * Seen as relig elite * Head of State * Highest auth in gov’t * Combines relig & temporal auth * Eliminates candidates for pres. * Appoints key figures → ½ Council of Guardians * Oversees parastatal econ functions, organizations, charities * Ctrl of military * Fatwas - Religious edict issued by the Leader; On a few occasions, edicts have broken w/ established relig traditions; Indicates enormous power of Supreme Leader in interpreting religious law * President * Up to 2 consecutive 4 year terms * Can be impeached * Elected by univ suffrage *12er Shiite and male → Does not have to be cleric – Ahmadinejad * Largely ceremonial until ‘89 * Signs bills * Appoints cabinet and provincial gov’t * Head of exec except for Supreme Leader * Propose legislation
Russia Ex. Powers
* President * Directly elected for a six-year term and may not serve more than 2 consecutive terms * Must have clear majority * Names the PM to head the gov’t and names the rest of gov’t * Right to issue pres. decrees w/ the force of law * Set overall foreign policy in foreign and domestic domains *“Head of state” and commander-in-chief of the armed forces * Chair of security council * Very powerful * Right to dissolve parliament and gov’t * Head pwr ministries (FSB) organizations for security = a lot of pwr * Two distinct styles: * Putin = stronger, majority in Par = get what wants w. legit, gov’t = super centralized, has all the pwr * Yeltsin – criticized, rule by decree = not as legit as par law, had to deal w. others for pwr * Prime Minister * Nominated by pres. * Head of gov’t * Oversee gov’t * Usually weaker, pres = dom * Domestic, not foreign → Not true under Putin * Cabinet * Senior echelon of leaders in exec branch * Makes main lines of nat’l policy (mostly econ/soc) * Oversee implementation of laws * Not really party politicians * Chosen for loyalty, competence, strength of bureaucratic factions * More like our sys
China Ex. Powers
*Head of State: President Hu Jintao, appointed by the NPC, only one candidate *Head of Government: Premier Wen Jiabao, appointed by the NPC * General Secretary: Hu Jintao, since ‘02 *HoS: Ceremonial *HoG: Responsibilities: center of lawmaking and government activity *GS: Responsibilities: Runs the Politburo and its Standing Committee *“Party Chairman” removed in ’82 to promote collective leadership; Mao too powerful *Politburo: 24 Members, elected by the Central Committee, Politburo St. Comm. and Gen Sec who are members of the CC; election without choice and determined by party leaders, meets 1/month * Formal Responsibilities: determines major policy * Real Responsibilities: ratifies decisions of PSC * Politburo Standing Committee: 9 Members, inner circle, meet 1X/wk * Politburo Standing Committee: 9 Members, inner circle, meet 1X/wk * Each member tends to be responsible for one large policy area *Informed by leading small groups: defined by functional sector, research and formulate policy; headed by top people, including members of the Politburo; most thorough consideration of policy options and most influence of shaping of policy; have no formal authority and do not formally issue policy *Central Military Commission: Chairman Hu Jintao *Leadership of military *PLA
Mexico Ex. Powers
* everyone votes w/ pres * has lots of pwr * responsibilities similar to those of US pres
Nigeria Ex. Powers
* Exec = dominant * 4 yr terms, 2 terms max * oversee gov’t/military * introduce budget * foreign policy * Const gives pres similar pwrs to US pres

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