Science Ch. 1 - Cell Structure & Function
Terms
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- microscope
- instrument that makes small objects look larger
- ribosomes
- produce proteins
- cells
- basic unit of structure & function in living things
- nucleolus
-
where ribosomes are made
- cell theory
-
1. all living things are composed of cells
2. cells are basic unit of structure & function in living things
3. all cells come from other cells - mitochondria
- where most energy is produced
- chloroplasts
-
capture sunlight's energy and use it to produce food for cell
- 2 kinds of nucleic acids
- DNA & RNA
- proteins
- large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfer
- resolution
- ability to clearly distinguish individual parts of object
- golgi bodies
- send/recieve materials from one part of cell to another
- nucleus
- "brain" of cell; directs all activities
- cell wall
-
rigid layer of nonliving material surrounding cells of plants and some other organisms
- chromatin
- contain genetic material
- organic compounds
- compounds w/ carbon
- carbohydrate
- energy rich organic compound made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
- inorganic compounds
- compounds w/out carbon
- compound
- two or more chemically combined elements
- magnification
- ability to make things look larger than they are
- element
- any substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances
- selectively permeable
- some substances can pass thru, some cant
- cell membrane
- inside cell wall; boundary seperating cell from enviornment
- diffusion
- process by which molecules move from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration
- amino acids
- make protein molecules; 20 main ones (like alphabet letters & words)
- osmosis
- diffusion of water molecules thru selectively permeable membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum
- series of passageways that carry materials from one part of cell to another
- organelles
-
smaller structures inside cells that carry out specific functions w/in cell
- nucleic acids
- large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; contain instruction cell needs to carry out daily functions of life
- active transport
- movement of materials thru a cell membrane using energy
- lysosome
- contain chemicals to break down large food particles into smaller ones
- atom
- smallest unit of an element
- molecule
- smallest unit of most compounds
- lipid
-
energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen w/ more energy than carbs
- passive transport
- movement of materials thru cell membrane w/out using energy
- vacuole
- water filled sac where waste/food is stored in cell