Geology
Terms
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- outwash plains
- formed by gravel, sand, and clay that is carried from glaciers by melting water and streams
- troposphere
- the layer closest to Earth, where almost all weather occurs; the thinnest layer
- Trough
- One of the places in a wave where the wave is lowest
- neap tide
- When the tidal range is lowest. (first moon and third moon)
- Barchan dune
- sand is limited, steady wind from one direction
- wisconian stage
- 75,000-10,000 ya
- Glacier
- a thick ice mass that originates on land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow
- valley glaciers
- tend to accentuate the landscape
- rainshadow desert
- mountain ranges cause barrier to flow of moisture
- Milakovitch theory
- eccentricity of the orbit, changes in earth's tilt, precession of equinoxes
- what drives thermohaline (deep sea) currents
- global density
- transverse dune
- abundant sand, moderate wind
- kansan stage
- 700,000-500,000 ya
- what are the constituents of the present atmosphere?
- Oxygen and Nitrogen
- how do glaciers loss mass
- sublimation
- Ozone
- a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of two. protects us from dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun; located in the troposphere
- polar desert
- cold air holds very little moisture; precipitation is in the form of ice
- what effect does thermohaline current have on the climate
- it supplies heat to the polar regions
- hedley cell
- rising warm moist air, located from mexico to south america
- mountain glacier
- glacier that covers a small region
- hanging valleys
- a tributary that enters a glacial through high above the floor of the trough
- erratics
- isolated boulders left behind by a glacier
- glacial trough
- U- shaped valley
- what direction did glaciers advance from?
- north to south
- Illinoisan stage
- 300,000-125,000 ya
- zone of ablation
- ice is lost by melting evaporating or calving
- parabolic dune
- abundant sand, strong offshore wind
- ice sheets
- tend to subdue the landscape
- horns
- A sharp-pointed peak that forms when several cirque glaciers gouge an individual mountain summit from all sides.
- longshore transport
- process in which sediments are moved along a beach
- stratosphere
- lies above te troposphere; colder and drier than air in the troposphere; contains the ozone layer
- diamiction
- does not infer digenesis
- zone of accumulation
- part of the glacier where snow builds up and turns to ice. The glacial ice moves outward from here.
- subtropical desert
- centered around 30 degrees north and south lattitude; controlled by air circulation; geographically extensive
- spring tide
- When the tidal range is greatest. (full moon and new moon)
- sea arches
- sea cave erodes completly through the rock
- how do glaciers move?
- Internal plastic flow and basal slip.
- cirque
- an amphitheater shaped basin at the head of the glaciated valley
- continental glacier
- an enormous body of ice that covers a significant part of a large landmass
- wave length
- the distance between the crests of two seccessive waves.
- continental interior desert
- located far from sources of moisture (ocean)
- nebraskan stage
- 1,800,000-900,000 ya
- tarn lakes
- a small lake in a cirque
- sea stacks
- A pillar of rock isolated from the main shore
- what are the parts of a wave
- Wave length, Crest and Trough
- Crest
- one of the places in a wave where the wave is highest
- eskers
- a long, winding ridge formed when sand and gravel fill meltwater tunnels beneath a glacier
- which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?
- troposphere
- drift
- sediment deposited on land or in water as a result of glacation
- desert
- less than ten inches of percipitation, lacking in vegetation
- stages of glaciation in illinois
- Wisconsinian, Illinoian, Kansan, Nebraskan
- moraines
- the piles of rocks, sand and soil that form ridges made by glaciers
- truncated spurs
- eroded triangular shaped cliffs in glaciated valleys
- landforms associated with refraction
- sea arches and sea stacks
- acid rain
- rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water
- coastal desert
- cool dry air blows in from the ocean and evaporates occurs as it warms
- kettle lakes
- a small depression formed by a chunk of ice left inside a glacier till normally a small round lake formed
- till
- material deposited directly by the glacier
- what drives surface currents?
- atmospheric circulation
- ferrel cell
- rising warm moist air, located from canada to texas
- what are the layers of the atmosphere?
- troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
- drumlins
- Formed under glacier where debris load exceeds capacity of glacier to transport sediment; asymmetrical hills
- sorted sediments
- material laid down by glacial meltwater
- what are the constituents of the ancient atmosphere
- Methane, Ammonia, Water Vapor, Hydrogen
- longitudinal (linear) dune
- limited sand supply, strong converging winds
- star dune
- scarce amount of sand, winds shift
- Green house effect
- The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and gases absorb and radiate thermal energy.
- aretes
- A sharp ridge that divides to cirque basins.
- polar cell
- has cold descending air, located at the poles