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Chapter 47

Terms

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food web
complex relationship formed by interconnecting and overlapping food chains
Fresh Water
tiny floating plants,fishes, amphibians,insects,reptiles,mammals. South America,Nile,
Neritic Zone
low tide line to edge of open sea. algae is abundant. turtle grass is food to fishes,invertebrates,and turtles.lobsters,crabs, flounder, rays
Tropical Rain Forest
warm and rain falls yearround. South America,Southeast Asia,Africa,Central America.Rptiles,small mammals, and amphibians
dentrification
process in which bacteria in the soil break down nitrogen compounds into free nitrogen
Biosphere
is that part of the earth in which life exists
consumers
organism that gets its energy either directly or indirectly from producers
Community
all the populations of organisms living in a given area
water cycle
movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth and back to the atmosphere
Deserts
low rainfall. lizards,insects,scorpions,snakes,birds.Africa,U.S.,Mexico
oxygen cycle
monement of oxygen through the environment
Grasslands
grasses,small leafy plants. sugnificant rainfall,wet to very dry sometimes. North America,Russia,South Africa*(impala,gazelles,wildebeests,elephants),Argentina.
nitrogen fixation
process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into a form that can be used bu living things
What are some abiotic factors that affect aquatic biomes?
Some of the Abiotic factors that affect the kinds of organisms found in the aquatic biomes are light intensity,amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in the water,and the availability of organic and inorganic nutrients.
food chain
series of organisms through which food energy is passed in an ecosystem
Marine Biomes
ocean habitat
ecological pyramid
diagram used to represent the energy relationships among trophic levels of and ecosystem
Biomes
an environment that has a characteristic climax community
biogeichemical cycle
series of physical and biological processes by which nutrients move through the biosphere
Ecology
the study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical surroundings
Deep Sea Zone
high pressure,cold temps.,total darkness. gulper eels,large squid. zooplankton(microscoptic animals)sea cucumbers.
ecosystems
division of the biosphere consisting of all the biotic and abiotic factors that surround organisms and affect their wau of life
producers
organism that is able to make its own food from inorganic substances
Tundra
Northern North America, Asia, Europe. Covered by mosses, lichens, and grasses. Nearly treeless. Made of permafrost(layer of permantly frozen soil). Wolves, foxes, mosquitos.
carbon cycle
movement of carbon between organic compounds that make up living tissues and carbon dioxide in the air
climax community
relatively stable collection of plants and animals that results from ecological succession
nitrogen cycle
movement of nitrogen through the biosphere between organisms organisms and the atmosphere
Taiga
Coniferous,fir,pine,and spruce. North America, Asia, Norway, Sweden. Rocky and Appalacnian mountains,Washington, Oregon, Nothern California. Red woods. black bears,grizzlies,wolves,moose, elk,voles, wolverines,grouse. Mild summers,cold winters
Open-Sea Zone
phytoplankton=80 to 90% of the Earth's photosynthesis activity.fishes,dolphins,whales,birds
ecological succesion
process through which an existing community is gradually replaced by another community
Intertidal Zone
must tolerate radical changes. clams(burrow into the sand),barnacles and seaweed(attach to rocks). snails, sea urchins, starfish(cling to rocks). Most of time exposed to sunlight and air
liminating factor
condition that limits the rate at which energy is produced in an ecosystem by preventing a species from growing to its potential
Estuaries
boundrary between fresh and salt water. Salt marshes, mangrove swamps, lagoons, mouths of rivers. shallow, sunlight.photosynthesis. fishes,shrimps,crabs

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