Chemistry Exam 2
Terms
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- Limiting reactant
- The substance that controls the quantity of the product that can be formed in a chemical reaction
- Mass Number
- Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
- Define: Atom
- The smallest unit of matter. Greek meaning "invisible"
- Reactant
- Substance that is a starting material before a chemical change
- Define Avogadro's Principle
- Equal volumes of gases at room temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles
- Define Charles' Law
- Relationship between volume of a gas and its temperature; Jacques Charles
- Molecule
- Particles made up of more than one atom
- Significant Digit
- Those digits that are certain in a measurement plus the last digit, which is pressumed to be uncertain
- Neutron
- Particle of an atom with no charge "neutral"
- Define Boyle's Law
- System used to measure the volume of gas as the pressure of the gas changes.
- STP
- Abbreviation for Standard temperature and pressure
- Chemical Reaction
- Movement of atoms in matter, combining or breaking apart to produce new kinds of matter.
- Compound
- Matter that has been broken down by chemical means into more than one element. "To put with"
- Standard pressure
- Average pressure of air at sea level
- Pascal
- SI unit to measure pressure
- Law of conservation of mass
- Principle stating that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
- Diatomic Element
- Element with molecules made of two atoms.
- Octet Rule
- Rule based on the assumption that atoms form bonds to achieve a noble gas electron configuration.
- Density
- Ratio between the mass and the volume of a substance
- Stoichiomentry
- Study of the amount of substances produced and consumed in chemical reactions
- Vacuum
- A place empty of matter
- Exothermic
- Term that indicates heat is released in a chemical reaction
- Temperature
- Measure of heat; the average kindetic energy of particles
- Gas
- Substance that takes the shape of and fills its container
- Halogen
- Group 7A of the periodic table.
- Define Avogadro's Number
- 6.02x10^23 Unit used for counting atoms. Named after Italian scientist.
- Covalent Bond
- Nonionic chemical bond formed by shared electrons
- Electron
- Elementary particle with negative electric charge.
- Hydrocarbon
- Compound only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms
- Ideal Gas
- Amount of gas, volume, temperature, and pressure.
- Ion
- Particle that has an electric charge
- Isotope
- Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, and having different atomic masses.
- Kelvin
- Unit of measurement in the Kelvin scale; William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
- Kinetic Energy
- Energy of an object because of its motion
- Valence Electrons
- Electrons in the outermost orbitals; often involved in chemical bonding
- Mole
- Amount of a substance that contains 6.02x10^23 particles.
- Noble Gas
- Nonmetal element not generally combinable with other elements
- Period
- Family of elements on the periodic table with closely related properties
- Pressure
- Force exerted over a given area
- Product
- New substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
- Potential Energy
- Energy that an object has because of it's position