Biology Chapter 20, 2nd sem.
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- a strand of nucleic acid encased in a protein coat
- a virus
- these are extremely small, much smaller then bacteria
- viruses
- these can infect and attack cells of living organisms
- viruses
- the protein coat or sheath on the outside of it
- capsid
- virus that infects bacteria
- bacteriophage
-
-attaches to a cell
-injects its RNA or DNA
-takes over control of the cell
-makes the cell make copies of itself
-cell bursts open releasing large numbers of new viruses - the infection process by a virus
- a virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template
- retrivirus
- this is retrivirus, it attacks our defen or immune systems
- HIV
-
t or f
most viruses are highly specific to certain hosts - true
-
t or f
viruses have always been described as the link between the living and non living world - false, not always, only sometimes
-
-growth
-reproduction
-have rna or dna
-they genetically mutate or change
these are characteristics of what? - viruses
- small, single celled organisms
- bacteria
-
BASIC SHAPES
1) rod shape
2) spehrical shape
3) spiral shape -
1) bacillus
2) coccus
3) spirillum -
this has a cell wall containing lots of peptidoglycan
-retains purple dye when stained - gram positice bacteria
-
this has a cell wall with a think layer of peptigoglycan
-do not retain purple stain - gram negative bacteria
- a gelatinous layer found outside of the cell wall and membrane
- capsule
-
thick walled structure that forms around their chromosomes and cytoplasm
-protects them from harsh conditions, ofetn for years - endospores
-
get energey from photosynthesis
-they are autotrophs - photosynthetic bacteria
- also called blue-green algae
- cyanobacteria
-
anabaena
-the 'fix' nitrogen - ex
-
get their energy from chemical sources
-live in soil
-important role in nitrogen cycle - chemoautotrophic bacteria
-
most common bacteria
-main decomposer
-live off organic material made or formed by other organisms - heterotrophic bacteria
- found in soil, many antibiotics are made from it
- streptomyces
-
this involves bacteria int the respiratory system
-dangerous, can be fatal - tuberculosis
-
an antibiotic
-'wonder drug'
-discovered by dr. fleming in 1923 - penicillin
-
these are ____________?
-tetrcycline
-streptomycin
-ampicillin - new antibiotics