Nutrition Ch.19
Terms
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- The state in which the body's internal balance is upset by a threat to a person's physical well-being is called?
- stress
- ___ stress falls within the body's normal and healthy functioning.
- physiological
- ___ stress is imposed by illness, infection, or tissue injury.
- pathological
- Protein energy malnutrition that develops due to a sudden and dramatic demand for nutrients is called ___ malnutrition.
- acute
- An insufficient intake of energy and protein over long periods of time is called ___ malnutrition.
- chronic
- ___ are proteins that help regulate inflammatory responses. Some cause anorexia, fever, and discomfort.
- cytokines
- An accumulation of pus that contains live microorganisms and immune system cells is called?
- abcess
- A grainlike growth that contains live microorganisms and immune system cells enclosed within a fibrous coat is called?
- granuloma
- Supplying too much energy further elevates the metabolic rate, which, in turn, increases ___ use and ___ production.
- oxygen, carbon dioxide
- An indirect estimate of resting energy needs made by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide expired (carbon dioxide production) and the amount of oxygen inspired (oxygen consumption) is called?
- indirect calorimetry
- Using indirect calorimetry requires special equipment called ___.
- metabolic cart
- The physiologic and metabolic complications associated with reintroducing adequate energy and nutrients too rapidly in people with depleted nutrient stores are collectively called the ___.
- refeeding syndrome
- ___ is a nonessential amino acid in healthy people.
- glutamine
- What are the 3 functions of glutamine?
-
1. Provides fuel for intestinal cells
2. Plays important roles in immune function
3. Promotes wound healing - The changes orchestrated by the immune system when tissues are injured by such forces as blows, wounds, foreign bodies (chemicals, microorganisms), heat, cold electricity, or radiation are called?
- inflammatory response
- Hormones such as glucagon, cortisol, and catecholamines that oppose insulin's actions and promote catabolism are called?
- counterregulatory hormones
- The presence of infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream is called?
- sepsis
- A sudden drop in blood volume that disrupts the supply of oxygen to the tissues and organs and the return of blood to the heart is called?
- shock
- Protein loss during stress comes from ___, ___, ___.
- skeletal muscle, connective tissue, gut
- Protein synthesis in the liver and the tissues that produce immune cells increases or decreases?
- increases
- The complex of symptoms that occur as a result of immune and inflammatory factors in response to tissue damage is called?
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)