Intro to American Politics 2
Terms
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- pork
- federal money that is distributed to various locatlities and states via grants and subsidies for various discrete projects (ex: transportation, research)- good for congresspeople
- earmarked
- money appropriated by the federal government (ex: universities such as tufts can get money 1.5 million)
- logrolling
- mutual aid among politicans who must vote on many items of economic importance in individual states and districts (importance of cooperation)
- norm of reciprocity
-
everyone deserves a piece of the pie
cooperate! - problems with pork
- it can distort policy, not give enuf money for substantial policy to be determined, diffused costs
- people love their congressperson
- champions of district thru pork, constituent service
- but they hate congress
- seen as overspending waste, inefficient, budget deficits
- name recall
- being able to remember a politician's name- they want name recall over name recognition becuase then they're in your mind
- name recognition
- being able to recognize a name when you see it.
- monopolized support
- help that only congresspeople can give to their constituents (ex: help with immigration, housing, social security)
- issue attention cycle
- ex: columbine--> gun control laws
- the turkey factor
- most incumbents face losers
- redristricting
- redrawing the lines according to the amount of representatives are allowed in the state after the reapportionment process
- reapportionment process
- states are reallocated their representatives so states have equal representation in the House
- rules committee
- tacks on a rule to every bill that determines the terms of debate, can amendments be added, etc
- closed rule
- no amendments are allowed
- germaneness rule
- amendments have to relate to the legislation (ie: global warming bill can't have money for iraq war attached)
- unlimited debate
- senate
- unanimous consent
- everyone has to agree to the terms of the debate and if doesn't agree, it's a hold
- cloture
- can stop a filibuster with 60% of the votes
- pocket veto
- a bill can die if a president holds onto a bill, doesn't sign it, and congress ends, so congress can't override the veto
- expansionist
- generally new to congress, concerned with the district bc seeking to expand electoral base
- protectionist
- have been around congress, more involved in dc, seek to keep supporters with them
- reelection committes
- ex: energy/natural resources esp for Western states bc so much federally owned land
- ideological committees
- generally electorally safe, show partisan/ideological side: judiciary committee
- power committees
- major institutional prerogative, want power and influence: ex: rules comm
- Ways and Means
- house committee that does tax legislations, very important
- Appropriations
- funding fo different programs has to be authorized by this comm
- coattails
- the idea that the president's election helps to elect those in congress of same party
- Office of Congressional Relations
- the president's lobbyists to congress
- inductive decision making
- use details to make policy
- deductive decision making
- start with big ideas and policy is produced from those
- formalistic
- assign different tasks to each assistant and everyone comes back w/ reports and make a reasoned decision
- competitive
- pit advisors against each other so all points of view are heard, but there's a lot of conflict
- cooperative
- establish teams to work together
- CREEP
- committee to reelect the president... aka nixon
- archibald cox
- nixon's special prosecutor, who nixon then fired
- executive priveldge
- nixon claimed that he had the right to privacy, etc, bullshit bc he was the pres and didn't have to give anyone the tapes of recorded private conversations
- US v Nixon
- nixon had to turn over the tapes, but yeah, incriminating and so he resigned bc otherwise would be impeached
- administrative discretion
- bills provide broad outlines and congress charges an agency to fill in the gaps; delegation of authority
- Federal register
- publishes the rules and regulations issued by various agencies daily
- executive orders
- what bush wants to tell the world
- comment period
- people can make comments about bureaucratic regulations
- rulemaking authority
- the ability fo a bureaucracy to act in a legislative way- it issues a set of rules and regualtions to be followed
- adjudicatory authority
- act in a more judicial way, is an individual/group operating within a law?
- iron triangles/subgovernments
- congressmembers, department, interest group--> form a strong coalition where mostly just winners
- stay
- justice has the power to freeze an execution in their area
- riding circuit
- a justice's area that he/she dominates
- solicitor general
- represents the government in a cas-- the leading attorney
- judicial activism
- constitution is a living document that needs to adapt to the times (liberalish)
- judicial restraint
- the court shouldn't make policy becuase it's not a democratic institution (conservativeish)
- Marbury v. Madison
- look up!!!!!!!!!
- judicial review
- the right to evaluate and invalidate laws in violation of the constitution
- writ of certioria
- the court will hear the case
- rule of 4
- 4 justices have to agree to hear the case
- standing
- have to be directly involved in the case
- stare decisis
- let the old decision stand, try not to mess around with history too much, otherwise it gets messy
- group
- a set of people with common characteristcs, interests, or purposes
- organization
- some subset of a group that works to further the goals of the group
- free rider problem
- people in a group have no incentive to be part of an organization's activities if they will benefit from the activities whether or not they join
- material benefits
- ex: insurance plans, access to clubs, tax help
- solidary benefits
- meet with people that share the same intersts ex: sierra club singles hikes
- purposive benefits
- get a warm and fuzzy feeling from joinging a group
- PAC
- political action committee have to join to donate large sums of $
- bundling
- collect a lot of money and give it to the candidate, but candidate gets the money with a message and gets around PAC rules
- honoraria
- receive money for speaking for a public event, for example. ussualy donate the money