Sociology Chapter 2 Vocab
Terms
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- Culture
- The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life.
- Society
- People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture.
- 3. Culture Shock
- Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life.
- 4. Symbol
- Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture.
- 5. Language
- A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
- 6. Cultural transmission
- The process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
- 7. Sapir-whorf thesis
- The idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language.
- 8. Values
- Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
- 9. Beliefs
- Specific ideas that people hold to be true.
- 10. Norms
- Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
- 11. Mores
- Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
- 12. Folkways
- Norms for routine or casual interaction.
- 13. Technology
- Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.
- 14. Hunting and gathering
- The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food.
- 15. Horticulture
- The use of hand tools to raise crops.
- 16. Pastoralism
- The domestication of animals.
- 17. Agriculture
- Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources.
- 18. Industry
- The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery.
- 19. Postindustrialism
- The production of information using computer technology.
- 20. High culture
- Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite.
- 21. Popular culture
- Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population.
- 22. Subculture
- Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population.
- 23. Multiculturalism
- A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions.
- 24. Eurocentrism
- The dominance of European (Especially, English) cultural patterns.
- 25. Afrocentrism
- Emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns.
- 26. Counterculture
- Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society.
- 27. Cultural integration
- The close relationships among various elements of a cultural system.
- 28. Cultural lag
- The fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system.
- 29. Ethnocentrism
- The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.
- 30. Cultural relativism
- The practice of judging a culture by its own standards.
- 31. Cultural universals
- Traits that are part of every known culture.
- 32. Sociobiology
- A theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture.