Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Terms
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- Periods
- horizontal rows of elements, elements in these are in different groups with different properties
- Average Atomic Mass
- Average of masses of all isotopes of that element that occur in nature
- Neutron
- particle that has 1 amu and no electric charge
- Atom
- smallest particle of any element, that has the properties of that element and has no charge (neutral)
- Groups
- another name for families of elements, the verticle columns of elements, have elements with similar properties and chemical reactions
- Transition Elements
- elements in middle of periodic table, periods 4-7
- Atomic Number
- # of protons in an atom
- Proton
- Particle that has 1 amu and a charge of +1
- Noble Gas
- elements of group 18 in this family
- Nucleus
- center of an atom and location of protons and neutrons that is very dense and has a positive electric charge, almost all mass of atom located in this
- Mass Number
- Total count of the neutrons and protons in an atom
- Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, some elements only have one others can have many
- Metals
- elements found on left side of periodic table
- Metalloids
- elements bordering line dividing metals and nonmetals and have some properties of both metals and nonmetals
- Electron
- particles that move about the nucleus forming a cloud of negative charge, move at very quick speed, found in different energy levels, grouped in pairs
- Nonmetals
- elements on right side of periodic table, elements that usually have five or more electrons in outer energy level
- Electron Cloud
- region around the nucleus occupied by electrons with negative electric charge
- Periodic Table
- chart that shows the classification of elements
- Element
- substance that consists of only one kind of atom, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical change
- Hydrogen
- lightest and most abundant element in universe
- Copper
- electrical wire often made from this element
- Symbol
- shorthand way to write the name of an element, sometimes taken from Latin name of element
- Electromagnetic Force
- force of attraction (opposite charges) or repulsion (like charges) that keeps the negative electrons near the positive nucleus in an atom
- Nuclear Force
- overcomes electromagnetic force of repulsion between the positive protons in the nucleus (it keeps the nucleus together)
- Quarks
- very small particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons, currently six different types known
- What determines the type of element?
- # of protons in nucleus of atom
- Electrons that are farther from the nucleus have _____ energy.
- more
- Amount of Electrons each energy level can hold
- 1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 18
- Factors that Determine an Element's Properties
- The # and arrangement of electrons in atom, # of valence electrons, period/group #
- AMU
- Standard atomic mass unit, a proton has +1, neutron has -1
- How # of neutrons in atom can be found
- by subtracting atomic # from mass #
- Ways to Write Isotopes
- Put mass # after name of element (or symbol, ex. Carbon 12 or C14), put mass # and atomic # with symbol (ex. 6 over 12 C, 6 over 14 C)
- Each box of periodic table represents & contains:
- Represents an element, in center- name and symbol, below name- atomic mass (listed as average of masses of isotopes), above name- atomic #
- In periodic table, elements listed in order of increasing ______ ______.
- atomic #
- Last Digit of group # represents: (excluding transition elements)
- the number of valence electrons (electron in outermost ring)
- Period # represents:
- the number of energy levels in an atom
- Metals characteristics
- have 3 or less valence electrons, good heat and electricity conductors
- Valence Electrons
- electrons in outermost energy level